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Lightweight materials play a vital role in many industries because of their weight reduction, corrosion resistance, and formability. On the other hand, joining this alloy is a very tedious process for everyone in industries due to incompatibility in metallurgical properties. The thick intermetallic formation, porosity, and segregation of alloys in the weld are the possible causes during welding of dissimilar materials by the fusion welding process. Nowadays, these materials have been joined by solid-state welding friction stir welding. AA2024 and high carbon steel (HCS) were used for friction stir spot welding in this investigation. Tool rotational speed, plunge rate, plunge depth, and dwell time were the major influencing process parameters. Design of experiments and response surface methodology were used to optimize the process parameters to attain maximum lap shear strength of AA2024/HCS.

In this particular instance, Taguchi methods are being used to look into how magnesium alloy (AZ60A) hybridized metal matrix composite wears. Using the stir casting method, they were made into the shape they were. Pin-on-disk tribometer instrument was used to figure out how much dry sliding wear happened on hybridized composites at different loads (30 N, 60 N, and 90 N), sliding speeds (1.045 m/s, 1.59 m/s, and 2.08 m/s), and compositions (1, 2, and 3 wt percent of each of boron nitride and graphite). We used the Taguchi strategy and the design of experiment method to look at how hybrid composites wear. The analysis of variance was used to look at the wear rate.

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