The mortality rate for candidemia is approximately 30%–60%. However, prognostic factors in patients with candidemia have not yet been elucidated in detail. The aim of the present study was to analyze prognostic factors for candidemia using the mortality rate and Candida isolates of patients with candidemia. Seventy-five patients with candidemia were analyzed between January 2007 and December 2013. The main outcome of this study was the 30-day mortality rate after the diagnosis of candidemia. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (APACHE II score) was measured in 34 patients (45.3%). Odds ratios (ORs) for death due to candidemia were analyzed using a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Twenty (26.6%) patients died within 30 days of being diagnosed with candidemia. Non-survivors had a significantly higher APACHE II score (n=7, mean; 18.9±4.5) than that of survivors (n=27, mean; 14.0±5.0). Advanced age (OR =1.1, 95% confidence interval =1.01–1.23, P=0.04) was a significant risk factor for a high mortality rate, whereas removal of a central venous catheter (OR =0.03, 95% confidence interval =0.002–0.3, P=0.01) was associated with a lower mortality rate. Seventy-six Candida spp. were isolated from blood cultures: Candida albicans 28 (36.8%), Candida parapsilosis 23 (30.2%), Candida guilliermondii 16 (21.0%), Candida glabrata four (5.2%), Candida tropicalis two (2.6%), and Candida spp. three (3.9%) that could not be identified. C. parapsilosis was the most frequently isolated species in younger patients (<65 years), whereas C. albicans was the most frequently isolated in elderly patients (≥65 years). Physicians who treat candidemia need to consider removing the central venous catheter and pay attention to the general condition of patients, particularly that of elderly patients.

Redox properties of CeO 2 and Pt-Rh/CeO 2 were studied by temporal analysis of products (TAP) method using alternative pulses of CO and O 2 . A portion of pulsed CO was oxidized to CO 2 and a portion of CO was adsorbed on the surface. Pulsing 18 O 2 onto the catalyst which has surface species derived from CO, evolved CO 2 contained no 18 O suggesting that the surface species will be carbonate ions.KEY WORDS: redox property; ceria; temporal-analysis-of-products; noble metal; promotion effect.Ceria has been widely used as a catalyst support for three-way catalysts in order to enlarge the efficient operating air/fuel (A/F) window. Fast redox character of CeO 2 is expected to work as an oxygen reservoir [1,2] usually; TPR and TPD are used for evaluation of oxidation activity and oxygen storage capacity of catalysts. However, it takes several 10 min to obtain a spectrum and data contains surface and bulk information. The data is sometimes far from the actual situation of catalysis. Temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor system, an important tool for investigating 'gas-solid' reactions, adopts shots of different gases with a very short interval. Therefore, TAP analysis would be helpful to analyze catalytic reaction on metal oxides. CeO 2 was provided by (Anan Chem. Co., Japan). The loading of Pt and Rh for Pt-Rh/CeO 2 are 0.19 wt% and 0.56 wt%, respectively. The Pt-Rh/SiO 2 was also prepared with same loading amount of Pt and Rh (SiO 2 , Degussa, Aerosil, OX-50). CeO 2 and Pt-Rh/CeO 2 are confirmed to be cubic fluorite-type structure. The BET surface specific areas (SSA) of CeO 2 , Pt-Rh/CeO 2 and Pt-Rh/SiO 2 are 118, 116 and 50 m 2 /g, respectively.TAP reactor system was used for CO-O 2 pulse reaction. Four solenoid-operating gas-valves are arranged to supply a small amount of gas pulse. A quartz tube reactor with an internal diameter of 4 mm is used. Samples were pressed, crushed, and sieved with the size of 32-60 mesh. About 50 mg of a sample was packed in the reactor located in the center of an electrical furnace. The reactor was evacuated to 10 )2 $ 10 )3 Pa by a rotary pump. A capillary tube, of which one end is located just after the catalyst bed, is used for introducing gaseous products into a mass spectrometer. The chamber of mass spectrometer was kept high vacuum ($10 )6 Pa) by a turbo-molecular pump. Prior to measurements, the catalysts are evacuated at 500°C for 3 h and then fully oxidized by O 2 pulses. The accurate amount of each pulse is determined by measuring the pressure of gases in a vessel with known volume after injecting 50 $ 100 pulses with a high accuracy pressure gauge. And the accurate amount of CO (and O 2 ) consumed and CO 2 formed upon each pulse are determined by mass spectrometer. Peaks of CO (m/e = 28), O 2 (m/e = 32), and CO 2 (m/e = 44) are monitored. The relative sensitivity of CO, O 2 and CO 2 are calibrated using each gas. Since CO 2 gave m/e = 28 peak as a fragment peak, which is 11% of the parent peak area of m/e = 44, the amount of CO was corrected by this amount.Approaching...

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