There are complex physical phenomena for the interpretation of a molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) in a distribution system. Most of the studies of MCCB interruption phenomena were conducted with numerical analysis and experiments. This traditional approach may help improve the performance of the MCCB itself, but it is difficult to find connectivity with other systems. In this paper, the circuit model is proposed and the interruption phenomenon of MCCB is analyzed. The interruption of the MCCB is divided into three sections to deal with physical phenomena occurring in each area. A simplified model is proposed considering the characteristics of each section. Based on this model, the circuit model is proposed. To implement the features of each section, the calculation of physical phenomena is carried out, and this is expressed in the circuit model with resistance and zener diode. Comparing the results of the simulation with the experimental results is as follows. For 7-plates (basic state), the error rate is −5.6% in section II and 16.8% in section III. For 1-plate, the error rate is 36.5% in section II and −17.0% in section III. This case shows much difference from the simplified model in this paper, resulting in the largest error rate. The 7-plates and 5-plates cases, which are available in the general MCCB owing to the shortest distance from the arc, represent a relatively small error rate. Using the proposed circuit model, it is expected that the entire system, including the interruption phenomenon, can be interpreted as a single circuit model.

The risk of high power electromagnetic (HPEM) pulse is dramatically increasing as the output of HPEM pulse increases and the affected electronic devices becomes smaller [1], [2]. There are largely two ways of coupling HPEM pulse: 1) front door coupling, which is through antennas and sensors to receive signals and 2) back-door coupling, which is through an unintended way, such as punctures and slots. In this paper, we modeled the loss phenomenon of HPEM pulse which happens when HPEM pulse radiated from HPEM system propagates to the receiving antenna. The loss circuit consists of serial-parallel resistors, each value of resistor is formularized as distance. Our modeling consists of two parts: 1) one-stage model, which means initial value for various applications and 2) nth-stage model, which means additional distances. Therefore, we could figure out the effect of HPEM on antenna as the propagation distance changes. After the due simulations, we confirm our hypothesis as the HPEM pulse which reaches to receiving antenna is consistent with the existing theory. This circuit modeling is very remarkable in that it understands two different HPEM system and propagation/receiving antenna as one whole system.

The low-voltage circuit breakers are widely used to protect loads in the distribution system. Interruption reliability of circuit breakers is important because they are a protective device close to the customer. In particular, the re-ignition phenomenon leads to over-current blocking failure due to the arc re-formed between electrodes despite the normal trip of the circuit breaker. In this paper, in order to improve the interruption performance against re-ignition, the dielectric recovery voltage measurement system of the circuit breaker is used and the experiment of changing the splitter plate is carried out. Two experiments are carried out by changing the splitter plate, especially changing the material of splitter plate and the number of lower plates of the splitter plate. In the case of changing the material of the splitter plate, the analysis is conducted according to the thermal conductance. In the case of changing the number of lower plates of the splitter plate, the number of plates and their spacing are variables. Analyzing the results of the dielectric recovery voltage experiment, in the initial period, copper plates have the best value that shows 102.1% improvement compared to normal and Al shows 59.8% improvement compared to normal. These increases are related to the thermal conductivity of the three electrode materials. In the case of changing the number of lower plates of the splitter plate, the 8-plates and 9-plates show 84.5% and 36.1% increases compared to normal, respectively, in the initial period. It can be seen that too many plates interfere with heat dissipation. Since this study studies performance improvement during the initial period, there is not much difference in the later period. This is consistent with the experimental results. In this study, an experimental basis is provided for the dielectric recovery strength from a low-voltage circuit breaker. It is expected that this will contribute to the research to improve the dielectric recovery capability of the circuit breaker.

Tapered transmission line was used for impedance matching, for high voltage pulse, and atmospheric medium is applied to characteristic equation of tapered transmission line and reflection coefficient so that nonlinear load and circuit modeling of atmospheric medium was simulated by electromagnetic transient program (EMTP). A characteristic of atmospheric medium and Time delay are decided by inductance and capacitance of tapered transmission line. For electromagnetic wave propagation modeling, in this paper, tapered transmission line is implemented. It is difficult to model tapered transmission line directly. Other transmission line that can be expressed by the circuit is used. So object of this paper is efficient modeling of tapered transmission line.

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