No abstract

Radiant heating, as a significant thermal management technique, is best known for its high thermal effect, media-free operation, good penetration, and compatibility for different heated shapes. To promote sustainable development in this area, developing advanced infrared radiation material is in high demand. In this work, a lightweight, flexible dual-emitter infrared electrothermal material, graphene glass fiber (GGF), is developed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, with both graphene and glass fiber as the radiation elements. Large-area GGF fabric (GGFF) exhibits wavelength-independent high infrared emissivity (0.92) and thermal radiation efficiency (79.4%), as well as ultrafast electrothermal response (190.7 °C s–1 at 9.30 W cm–2) and uniform heating temperature. The superior radiant heating capability of GGFF to traditional alloy heating wires can achieve 33.3% energy saving. GGF can promote the development of efficient and energy-saving heat management technology.

No abstract

Holes in the skull and the scalp are associated with intracranial monitoring procedures. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of holes on extracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) and intracranial electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings. The finite difference method (FDM) was used to model the head volume conductor with a hole of varying size. A current dipole was used to simulate the brain electrical activity with varying locations within the brain. The effects of the holes were assessed by comparing the forward potential distributions with and without a hole. The present computer simulation results indicate that the effect of a hole on the scalp EEG and ECoG recordings strongly depends on the dipole location and orientation. For a superficial radial dipole located under a hole of radius ranging from 5 mm to 40 mm, the relative error (RE) varies from 0.99% to 93.07% for the EEG and from 0.025% to 16.72% for the ECoG. The correlation coefficient (CC) varies from 99.99% to 21.1% and from 100% to 99.75% for the EEG and EcoG, respectively. For radial dipoles, the strongest effect on the EEG and ECoG occurs when the dipole is located below the center of the hole, while for tangential dipoles, the strongest effect occurs when the dipole is located below the border of the hole. The effect of a hole on the EEG is much larger than upon the ECoG.