Context:The scope of ultrasound is emerging in medical science, particularly outside traditional areas of radiology practice.Aims:We designed this study to evaluate feasibility of bedside sonography as a tool for airway assessment and to describe sonographic anatomy of airway.Settings and Design:A prospective, clinical study.Materials and Methods:We included 100 adult, healthy volunteers of either sex to undergo airway imaging systemically starting from floor of the mouth to the sternal notch in anterior aspect of neck by sonography.Results:We could visualize mandible and hyoid bone as a bright hyperechoic structure with hypoechoic acoustic shadow underneath. Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and tracheal rings appeared hypoechoic. Vocal cords were visualized through thyroid cartilage. Interface between air and mucosa lining the airway produced a bright hyperechoic linear appearance. Artifacts created by intraluminal air prevented visualization of posterior pharynx, posterior commissure, and posterior wall of trachea.Conclusions:Ultrasound is safe, quick, noninvasive, repeatable, and bedside tool to assess the airway and can provide real-time dynamic images relevant for several aspects of airway management.

Background: Adnexal mass lesions are very common among women of all age group but very common among reproductive age. Differential diagnosis of adnexal mass is difficult and complex. Recognition of the severity of the problem, appropriate and timely evaluation and treatment with good outcome is the goal. Ultrasound is the primary modality used for detection and characterization of adnexal masses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in patients suspected with adnexal masses. Objectives: Understanding the characterization of adnexal masses on ultrasonography and colour doppler,and to corelate the usg findings with histopathology where ever possible,to derive simple and clinically useful usg based IOTA rules for discriminating between benign and malignant mass. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 patients with suspected various adnexal masses in a period of 1 year from 2018-2019. Patients are selected based on Clinical history & Adnexal masses detected on pelvic ultrasound. Results of ultrasound were correlated with available histopathological findings. Results: On histopathology, out of total 50 cases studied 14(28%) were malignant and 36 (72%) were benign. Out of 45 cases where IOTA simple rules were applicable, 16(35.5%) were malignant and 29(64.4%) were benign. Conclusion: On comparing the findings of ultrasonogram versus histopathology, it was found that ultrasound had a high sensitivity of 91.66%, 84.84% specificity, 68.7% positive predictive value, 96.55% negative predictive value and 88.8% accuracy of detecting adnexal masses. Keywords: TAS – Transabdominal sonography, TVS – Transvaginal Sonography, Adnexal Masses.

Introduction: Skull vault lesions are often asymptomatic and are usually discovered incidentally during computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Calvarial lesions can be benign or malignant. Calvarial lesions may arise from skull bones or can be secondary to invasion of skull vault from brain or scalp based lesions. Objectives: The aim of this study is to study the role of CT and MRI in evaluating skull vault lesions. Material and methods: 50 patients with skull vault lesions were considered in our study.The patients underwent CT and MRI scans of head. Results: Among 50 patients, most common skull vault lesions were Skull metastases, osteoma and epidermoid cyst. Chordoma, osseous hemangioma and intraosseous meningioma were the least encountered lesions. Conclusion: This article has demonstrated that CT and MRI have complementary roles in determining the nature of skull lesions. CT is the most accurate method for evaluating bone destruction of the inner and outer tables while MRI is best to assess marrow involvement, soft tissue component and invasion of adjacent tissues.

To establish relation between fetal MCA’s PSV in 3rd trimester and fetal anemia as non-invasive method. The study was done retrospectively, including 40 pregnant women who had raised PSV of MCA (Multiple of Median(MoM) >1.5) blood flow in third trimester and was correlated with the new born’s Hemoglobin and Blood indices (MCV and MCH). Forty fetuses who had MCA’s PSV more than 1.5 MoM(coming out to be around 66.50 ± 12.35 cm/seconds), after delivery, blood samples of these 40 neonate were taken, of which 37 were anemic based on hemoglobin and blood indices using reference range from study done by kumar et al8. Sensitivity was 92.5% and specificity around 88 %. Doppler spectral analysis of PSV of MCA is very reliable for predicting fetal anemia. MoM of PSV of Fetal MCA correlates very well with MoM of Neonatal Hemoglobin . Thus, fetal MCA’s PSV is very potential to replace invasive method for diagnosis of fetal anemia.

Introduction: Accurate gestational age assessment is important in obstetric care ultrasonography. Fetal kidney length is one of the emerging parameter in estimation of fetal gestational age in 3rd trimester. Objectives: Is to the ascertain the precision of ultrasonographic fetal kidney length measurement as a reliable parameter for determination of gestational age in 3rd trimester. Materials and Methods:  Cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 152 antenatal women in the 3rd trimester. Gestational age was estimated by early fetal ultrasound measure and last menstrual period. Results: Mean kidney length showed a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.907 and a determination coefficient of 0.822 with GA. The test was significant at P < 0.05. Conclusions:  This study confirms that the fetal kidney length measurement for estimating the gestational age accurately in the 3rd trimester.