In India, gastro-duodenal ulcers are among the most prevalent diseases affecting people. Although much research has been done on the etiology of this disorder, especially in our region of the country, no single etiological agent can be blamed for the development of this particular sickness. Because stress is the single most signicant factor in producing peptic ulcers and because modern life is so stressful and demanding, this condition is becoming more common. One of the devastating events that can happen to a person with gastroduodenal ulcers is perforation. The infection with H. pylori has a signicant role in the development of stomach cancer and peptic ulcer disease. Even while the virus may be found in more than 50% of the world's population, only a small percentage of those people would experience ulcer disease or stomach cancer. This investigation aims to determine H. Pylori's contribution to the development of gastroduodenal perforation(1,2).

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Background: The high prevalence of GDM in Indian women necessitates early detection. GDM problems can be avoided if screening and diagnosis are done early. Serum ferritin is utilized as an inammatory marker, and its levels are tested in early pregnancy to predict the likelihood of developing GDM, making it a tool for early detection of GDM. Aims And Objectives: To know the association between serum ferritin levels in rst trimester and risk of GDM. To measure Serum Ferritin levels in First trimester and to know the association between elevated serum ferritin levels and risk of GDM by measuring the Glucose levels. Methods: 100 women attending the antenatal clinic in 11-14 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. Data was collected from the study participants after explaining about the study to them and getting their informed consent. Venous blood samples were obtained from the patient between11 to 14 weeks' gestation to measure serum ferritin level . Serum Ferritin levels measured are grouped in quantiles. Results: In this study, of 100 pregnant women, 28 had serum ferritin values <30ng/dl, 42 had 31-60 ng/ml., 15 had 61 -90 ng/ml and 15 women had serum ferritin above 90 ng/ml. This also implies that majority of the population studied randomly had low serum ferritin levels. 6 out of 15women with high BMI had increased serum ferritin levels. This shows a clear correlation between obesity and insulin resistance and serum ferritin levels on higher range,with risk of developing GDM. Conclusion: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance association with serum ferritin levels had been highlightened by this observation. Possible mechanisms involving elevated serum ferritin levels and risk of GDM was excess iron stores hypothesis and inammation hypothesis