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Bacterial cell walls, water-soluble fragments of the wall peptidoglycan, Nacetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), and 6-0-acyl derivatives of MDP were examined for migration-stimulating activity on human peripheral blood monocytes by using a multiwell chemotaxis assembly. Cell walls isolated from 11 bacterial species caused a definite increase in monocyte migration, but the walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus were scarcely active. The migration-enhancing activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis cell walls was retained by a monomer as well as a polymer of disaccharide peptides which were prepared by digestion of the peptidoglycan with enzymes. It was finally revealed that the migration of monocytes was enhanced by MDP. 6-0-Octadecanoyl-MDP, 6-0-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-MDP, and 6-0-(3-hydroxy-2-docosylhexacosanoyl)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine were active, but to a lesser extent. A checkerboard assay demonstrated that the increased monocyte migration caused by S. epidermidis cell walls was directed toward a positive stimulus (chemotaxis). The cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus (Tasaki) andStreptococcus pyogenes (type 3, strain 0176) were 817 on August 8, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from

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