We experimentally demonstrate the light focusing by negative refraction in a photonic crystal slab superlens at wavelengths lambda of 1.26-1.42 microm. The photonic crystal slab was fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrate with an interface structure optimized for low reflection and diffraction losses. The light focusing in the photonic crystal slab was clearly observed through the intentional out-of-plane radiation or scattering of guided light in the slab. The minimum focused spot width was limited to 1.8 microm(1.4 lambda) owing to aberrations. The focusing characteristics were in good agreement with those obtained from photonic band and finite-difference time-domain analyses.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to analyze human body composition by applying a small alternating current through the body and measuring the impedance. The smaller the electrode of a BIA device, the larger the impedance measurement error due to the contact resistance between the electrode and human skin. Therefore, most commercial BIA devices utilize electrodes that are large enough (i.e., 4 × 1400 mm2) to counteract the contact resistance effect. We propose a novel method of compensating for contact resistance by performing 4-point and 2-point measurements alternately such that body impedance can be accurately estimated even with considerably smaller electrodes (outer electrodes: 68 mm2; inner electrodes: 128 mm2). Additionally, we report the use of a wrist-wearable BIA device with single-finger contact measurement and clinical test results from 203 participants at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital. The correlation coefficient and standard error of estimate of percentage body fat were 0.899 and 3.76%, respectively, in comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This result exceeds the performance level of the commercial upper-body portable body fat analyzer (Omron HBF-306). With a measurement time of 7 s, this sensor technology is expected to provide a new possibility of a wearable bioelectrical impedance analyzer, toward obesity management.

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Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) are measured by the dc, fast I-V (FIV), and pulsed I-V (PIV) methods and analyzed. The hysteresis and conductance in the dc measurement are affected by the sweeping bias range and direction. The I-V curves measured by the FIV method show reduced hysteresis and enhanced conductance at a faster sweeping rate, but are still affected by the sweeping bias range. By applying the PIV method, the hysteresis can be suppressed significantly while the conductance is improved by controlling turn-on, turn-off times (t on and t off ) and the gate bias during t off (V base ) regardless of the sweeping bias range. With short t on , long t off , and V base of 0 V, the hysteresisfree characteristics of GFETs are obtained.

There have been growing interests in bodycentric wireless communications. As a new candidate to support on-body propagation, this paper proposes to wear a smart suit, a subsidiary waveguide which wireless devices couple to. Our proposal waveguide is called as a free access mat which limits the arrival domain of radio systems to the area around itself. Wireless devices couple to it and the electromagnetic wave transmits through it. Data and power transmission is therefore possible through it. This paper presents experimental study of free access mat using flexible conductive textile which provides with conformity to wearable devices. This paper shows that flexible free access mat is applicable to body-centric wireless communications.