Background There is currently no standard treatment for locoregional recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) previously treated with radiotherapy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of re-irradiation for ESCC patients with locoregional recurrence. Methods The PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for eligible studies published before January 2021. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using the random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the treatment effectiveness of re-irradiation based on specific characteristics. Results Nine retrospective studies including 573 ESCC patients with locoregional recurrence were selected. The pooled incidences of the 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival for patients after re-irradiation were 59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35–83; P < 0.001), 25% (95% CI: 16–33; P < 0.001), 25% (95% CI: 4–45; P = 0.017), and 15% (95% CI: 2–27; P = 0.024), respectively. The rates of complete response and local re-recurrence after re-irradiation were 54% (95% CI: 21–88; P = 0.001) and 62% (95% CI: 55–70; P < 0.001), respectively. The median overall survival and local failure-free survival for patients after re-irradiation were 13.94 months (95% CI: 4.18–46.51; P < 0.001) and 11.01 months (95% CI: 5.99–20.22; P < 0.001), respectively. Grade ≥ 3 adverse events of esophageal perforation, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radiation pneumonitis were significantly more common after re-irradiation. Conclusions This study found that re-irradiation for ESCC patients with locoregional recurrence after previous radiotherapy was feasible. However, patients should be carefully observed in order to treat associated adverse events, including esophageal perforation, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radiation pneumonitis.

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Background: Cervical cancer arises from the cervix and it is the 3rd most diagnosed malignancy and a foremost cause of cancer-related death in females. On the other hand, the expressions of EGFR and p53 are two important proteins observed in various studies on cervical cancer. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the beneficial effect of radiotherapy based on the regulation of p53 and EGFR gene in patients with cervical cancer. Methods: In this investigation, the regulation of important molecules responsible for cancer cell proliferation and DNA repair in the cervical cancer cell line was evaluated. The study comprises of an evaluation based on clinical study design from the malignant biopsies of 15 cervical cancer patients. The patterns of expression for the p53 gene and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) were evaluated in DoTc2 and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines using clonogenic assay, western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques from the malignant biopsies of the 15 patients. Results: The study observed that the regulation of p53 and EGFR was very weak after the exposure of the radiation. In addition, the expression of p53 and EGFR was observed in malevolent biopsy samples after radiation with a dosage of 1.8 Gy radiations. Additionally, the expression of p53 and EGFR was able to induce by a single dose of radiotherapy in the malignant biopsies whereas it was unable to induce in DoTc2 and SiHa cervical cancer cells. Conclusion: The study observed that radiation exposed cancer cell lines modulates the expression of p53 and EGFR gene. The study also highlights the gap between in vitro experimental models and clinical study design.