No abstract

Objective: Over the last 3 decades, group treatment researchers have become increasingly knowledgeable of the impact of within-group dependency on analyses of group treatment data and of mutual influence processes that occur within therapy groups. Despite these advancements, there remains a lack of consensus on the magnitude of mutual influence, or group effects, in group treatment research. As such, this study sought to estimate the size of group effects on members' posttreatment outcomes by meta-analyzing the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in group treatment research. In addition, we tested several moderators of the ICC, including outcome type, outcome reactivity, outcome specificity, group format, treatment length, and group size. Method: Using robust variance estimations, we metaanalyzed 169 effect sizes from 37 group treatment studies. Results: Findings indicated an average ICC of 0.06. Group size, group format, treatment length, outcome specificity, and outcome type did not significantly moderate the ICC; however, we did find evidence to suggest that the ICC varies as a function of outcome reactivity, with observer-rated outcome measures resulting in the largest ICC. Conclusion: These findings suggest that interdependence in group treatment research is an important concept both theoretically and statistically. What is the public health significance of this article?This study found that therapy groups account for 6% of the variability in group treatment outcomes. Outcome reactivity significantly moderated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in group treatment research, such that the largest ICCs were associated with observer-rated outcome measures. Interdependence in group treatment research is important both theoretically and statistically.

We explored the relationship between watching Asian American YouTubers and self-esteem among East and Southeast Asian Americans, specifically investigating 3 components of racial identity (i.e., in-group solidarity, satisfaction, and centrality) as mediators. Participants were 409 Asian Americans aged 18 to 34 years who stated that they watch Asian American YouTubers (i.e., users of YouTube who produce and often star in their own videos). Structural equation modeling was used to examine mediation paths from frequency of watching Asian American YouTubers to the components of racial identity to positive and negative self-esteem. Solidarity did not significantly mediate the relationships between YouTube and positive/negative self-esteem. Centrality of, and satisfaction with, one’s racial identity were both significant mediators; satisfaction was favorably associated with self-esteem, whereas centrality was adversely related to self-esteem. Watching Asian American YouTubers is connected to components of racial identity that can predict either detrimental or advantageous self-esteem outcomes.

This study investigated Asian Pacific Islander Americans’ (APIAs) and White Americans’ use of three common suicide methods—firearm, poisoning, and hanging—using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System in the United States. Overall, hanging was the most common suicide method among APIAs, whereas firearm suicides were most prevalent among White Americans. APIA suicide decedents died by firearms and poisoning at lower rates, but by hanging at a higher rate than White Americans, after controlling for the effects of gender and age. Several gender by race moderation effects demonstrated that these racial differences in suicide methods were stronger among women than among men. In parallel with the findings on racial differences, APIA immigrants had a lower rate of firearm suicide but a higher rate of suicide by hanging than their U.S.-born counterparts. A gender by nativity moderation effect showed that among APIA men, immigrant decedents had a greater likelihood of using hanging as a suicide method than U.S.-born decedents, whereas among APIA women, there were no differences between immigrant and U.S.-born decedents in their likelihood of suicide by hanging. The researchers also uncovered several age by race and age by nativity moderation effects. These findings underscore the value of attending to within-group diversity in APIAs’ suicide methods.

Over the past two decades, counseling psychology has emerged as an international discipline. Despite efforts to internationalize counseling psychology and increase cross-cultural relationships, few studies have considered international collaboration on scientific scholarship as a metric or factor of internationalization. Therefore, using social network analyses, we tested the occurrence and patterns of collaborations between authors from different countries on published studies in the Journal of Counseling Psychology and The Counseling Psychologist from 2005 to 2015. Results indicated that a small proportion of possible international collaborations existed, as measured by network density, and the majority of collaborations involved authors affiliated with institutions in the United States. However, international collaboration significantly increased over time, as measured by the density of the network. Our findings are consistent with previous research suggesting a lack of cross-national scholarship in counseling psychology and identify global areas for further cross-cultural development.