The objective of this study is to discuss among those over 65 years old who do not have a volunteer card and are not registered with the local social service bureaus in Taiwan the motivational factors affecting their participation in social services. This study constructs its subject from the theory of motivation, with the aim to understand the satisfaction level of the elderly in social participation. The research findings are: (1) The will of an individual and the ability the person possesses can perpetuate the value of their social existence; (2) Influenced by fate and opportunity, the elderly are motivated to devote effort to search for social balance and regain a focus and role in life that will give them satisfaction; (3) The elderly enjoy serving the community by quietly doing good deeds and making private donations; (4) For the elderly overwhelmed by the fear of the unknown after retirement, their sense of loss changes after adapting to social services and interpersonal relationships; and (5) The elderly enjoy being able to seamlessly connect and find the beginning to another beautiful stage of life. These findings will provide references for social service-related practices for the elderly and follow-up studies. JEL classification numbers: L31, J14, J32. Keywords: Social service, Elderly, Participation motivation.

European Union public procurement law increasingly allows countries’ authorities to take corporate social responsibility (CSR) into account in public procurement decisions. Up to 2022, few public procurements were determined by these key factors of CSR scoring items. It is worthy to study whether there is consistency in tenderers’ views on CSR indicators and factors. In this study, 10 experts working in companies from different government entities were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. In this study, a DEMATEL-based analytic network process (DANP) was applied to find out the weights of each indicator. Our finding shows the important criteria selected for tenderers were measures to support “work–life balance” for employees and “salary increase for employees”. These are important responses to the problems encountered by companies in CSR practices and can be used as a reference to enhance corporations’ CSR goals or pursue future sustainable business excellence.

This study explores the influence of supervisor police officers’ leadership styles and conflict handling on their work and their relationship with subordinates. A two-stage data analysis method is adopted. In the first stage, in-depth interviews are conducted to analyse local police chiefs’ views on leadership styles and conflict handling. In the second stage, questionnaires describing leadership and conflicts are distributed to subordinate police officers for statistical analysis. Conflicts emerge in the operation of government agencies because members within the organisations have different views on their respective positions, responsibilities and goals, mostly for reasons related to the leadership style of their direct supervisors. The study results reveal that transformational and transactional leadership styles positively influence subordinate police officers and negatively influence several sub-dimensions of leadership styles, consistent with cross-comparison findings. Furthermore, the results indicate that conflict handling has an insignificant influence, which significantly differs from the leaders’ perceptions of handling as found in their interviews. Accordingly, the findings of cross-analysis are reasonable. The study results can be used as a reference for future supervisors to handle and manage practical conflicts. JEL classification numbers: C12, D74. Keywords: Police, Transformational leadership (TFL), Transactional leadership (TSL), Leadership effectiveness, Conflict handling.

In response to the development of electronic government (e-Government), the government and the legislative assembly have made organizational changes to serve the general public. Local councils have adopted full digital audiovisual meeting systems to address councilors’ need for political consultation services. In this study, we explore the actual use of meeting systems based on their main functions. We conducted in-depth interviews with eight councilors using questions designed according to 15 external constructs of the technology acceptance model 3 (TAM 3). The study findings indicated that for councilors who have used the system, their “behavioral intention to use” is mostly correlated with “computer self-efficacy” and “perception of external control” followed by “image.” After using the meeting system, the councilors validated the services. The findings reveal that “computer self-efficacy” and “perception of external control” are the two most important subconstructs that positively affect councilors’ use of the meeting system, followed by “perceived enjoyment” and “subjective norm.” This study provides recommendations based on the interviews on how to accommodate the new technology system, used for reference by manufacturers in marketing and enterprises when implementing the meeting system. JEL classification numbers: C52, H11, M15. Keywords: electronic meeting system (EMS), interactive video on demand (IVOD), technology acceptance model (TAM).