It is universally accepted today that micro (mi) non coding (nc) RNAs are endogenous ~22 nt RNAs that can play important regulatory roles in a vast number of cellular processes including cell growth, disease, embryogenesis, gene regulation, signal transduction, receptor activation, etc. by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Mi RNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multi cellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes. The shorter lin-4 RNA is now recognized as the founding member of an abundant class of tiny regulatory RNAs called micro RNAs or mi RNAs. Now it has become clear that large number of regulatory small (rs) RNAs are compromised due to traditional approaches to identify mi RNAs mainly to hair-pin loop bred typical signs. The rsRNA-target interactions have been studied with the use of mi RNA recognition elements binding with Ago proteins (AGO-cross linking), microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 involved in the initial step of mi RNA biogenesis cross-linking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH), proteome and expression data. The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, powerful enough to detect most of the existing small (s) RNA sequences even with low abundance, gave rise to a sudden surge in the reporting of novel mi RNAs.

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