AimTo report a critical case series of six patients with posterior microphthalmos (PM).MethodComplete ophthalmologic examinations of all patients were performed using best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, applanation tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment, fundoscopy, A and B mode ultrasonography (USG), keratometry, and optic coherence tomography (OCT).ResultsThe most significant clinical characteristics of male patients aged 10–25 years was the presence of shorter posterior segments (mean: 15.27–18.91 mm) accompanying high hyperopia (mean +9.00 – +18.50 diopter) despite the normal anterior segment findings. The BCVA ranged between 20/320 and 40/100. Retinal folds were detected bilaterally on the papillomacular band in all patients. Although neurosensory retina was included in the fold in OCT images, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid, and sclera were not included in the fold. Pigmentary retinopathy was detected in one patient.ConclusionDespite normal anterior segment, posterior microphthalmos is characterized with high hyperopia, and shorter axial length and bilateral papillomacular retinal fold. Refractive amblyopia, uveal effusion syndrome, retinal detachment and macular hole are complications that can be corrected. Posterior microphthalmos must be kept in mind in patients with a normal anterior segment, and high hyperopia.

Sclerotomy sutures may be required in 23-gauge surgery, more frequently in cases of single-step sclerotomy and/or silicone oil endotamponade. Meticulous suturation of leaking sclerotomies may decrease the rate of post-operative hypotony.

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Purpose In this study, we evaluated corneal epithelial integrity and tear film parameters in patients with inflamed pinguecula and compared these findings with their fellow eyes and with healthy controls. Methods We evaluated the fluorescein staining properties and performed the tear break-up time (TBUT) test and Schirmer 2 test (ST2) measurements of 32 patients who had symptomatic unilateral inflamed pinguecula and compared the results with their fellow eyes and also with an age- and sex-matched control group. Results Twenty-three eyes (72%) in the inflamed pinguecula group and 1 eye (3.1%) in the fellow eyes group had punctate epithelial staining (PES) or epithelial defect on the nasal cornea (p < 0.001). There was no PES or epithelial defect in the control group. Eyes with inflamed pinguecula (n = 32) had lower TBUT and ST2 values compared to the control group (n = 32) (p < 0.001 for both). Fellow eyes (n = 32) also had lower TBUT and ST2 values compared to the control group (p=0.003 for both). There was no difference in the TBUT and ST2 results between the eyes with inflamed pinguecula and fellow eyes (p=0.286 and p=0.951, respectively). Conclusion A high percentage of eyes with inflamed pinguecula had nasal corneal epithelial staining or epithelial defect. We also found lower TBUT and ST2 results in eyes with inflamed pinguecula and the fellow eyes compared to the control group. These findings may be important in pathogenesis of pinguecula and pterygium and also in uncovering their relation.

Objective: In this study, we report the results of probing done in our clinic. We also want investigate role of late probing on outcome, especially in children older than 24 and 48 months. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated records of patients who underwent probing under general anaesthesia due to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction between 2013 and 2017 in Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University Faculty of Medicine in Nigde, Turkey. Success rates of probing for different age groups were compared. Results: 143 eyes of 123 patients were included in the study. Overall success rate was 93.7% (134 eyes out of 143). We found the success rate as 95.5 in 12–18 months age group, 93.3% in 18–24 months age group, 93.8% in the 24–48 months age group, 86.6% in the 48 months and older age group. Overall success rate in 24 months and older age group was 91.5%. The second operation was performed on seven of the nine patients where the initial surgery failed, and successful results were achieved in six patients. Success rate was 100% after the second surgery in patients older than 48 months. Conclusion: The success rate of probing is high in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction from 12 to 84 months. In patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who are older than 48 months probing is effective and should be first-choice in this age group in management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Probing may be used even in older patients who had previous unsuccessful probing.