INTISARIPenelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas kimia, fisik dan sensori kefir susu kambing yang disimpan pada temperatur dan lama simpan berbeda. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah temperatur penyimpanan (-1 sampai -5 o C; 1 sampai 5 o C and 6 sampai 10 o C), faktor kedua adalah lama penyimpanan (10; 20 dan 30 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temperatur penyimpanan, lama penyimpanan dan interaksinya berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar etanol, free fatty acids (FFA); tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kadar protein, lemak dan abu kefir, sedangkan viskositas hanya dipengaruhi oleh temperatur penyimpanan (P<0,05). Untuk kadar CO2, tekstur dan rasa kefir dipengaruhi oleh lama penyimpanan. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah temperatur penyimpanan mempengaruhi kualitas kimia yaitu kadar etanol, FFA dan sifat fisik kefir yaitu viskositas sedangkan pengujian sensori kefir lebih dipengaruhi oleh lama penyimpanan.(Kata kunci: Kefir, Penyimpanan, Sensori, Susu kambing, Temperatur) ABSTRACT

Aim: The research was conducted to determine the effect of temperature and storage duration on the physicochemical, lipolytic, microbiological, and proteolytic characteristics of goat cheese made using Lactobacillus plantarum TW14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus TW2 bacteria. Materials and Methods: The cheese was stored at 4°C and −20°C for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Observations were made on its physicochemical, lipolysis, and microbiological characteristics. The proteolysis pattern was measured with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: The protein, fat, ash and total solids levels of cold-stored cheese were higher than the frozen-stored one. The frozen-stored cheese's free fatty acids (FFA) and acid degree value (ADV) levels are lower than those of the cold-stored cheese as indicated by the partial lipolysis event. The total yeast in the frozen-stored cheese is lower than that in the frozen-stored cheese. Finally, the electrophoresis profile indicates that proteolysis of the frozen-stored cheese is formed since there have been detected αs1-casein, αs2-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein in the casein breakdown during the 60-day storage. Conclusion: The physicochemical characteristics of cold-stored cheese are better than the cheese stored at frozen temperature. However, frozen-stored cheese produces lower FFA and ADV than cold-stored cheese and lipolysis occurs only partially.

Kefir characteristics are influenced by raw materials. Fresh milk and colostrum have different characteristics. In this research, colostrum was used as additional material in kefir production which could affect the chemical, microbiological, and antimicrobial properties of final the product. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical and microbiology properties of kefir prepared from milk, colostrum and milk-colostrum mixes. Kefir was prepared by adding kefir grains to 100% fresh milk, milk-colostrum mixes (20:80%; 40:60%; 60:40%; 80:20%) and 100% colostrum. Fermentation was allowed under room temperature for 24 hours. Results showed that all treatments produced kefir with relatively similar titrable acidity, free fatty acids, and fat contents. The highest levels of ethanol, total solids and protein content were observed in kefir produced from 100% colostrum. The average total microbes were 6.37-7.51 log CFU/ml; 7.04-8.23 log CFU/ml bacteria; 6.92-7.48 log CFU/ml LAB and 5.54-6.55 log CFU/ml yeast. Water activity values ranged from 0.85 to 0.89. The highest microbial and antimicrobial properties were shown by kefir produced from milk-colostrum mix of 20:80%.

Program pengembangan kewirausahaan di Universitas Jenderal Soedirman bertujuan menghasilkan wirausahawan muda mandiri berbasis iptek yang dilaksanakan selama 8 bulan.  Peserta  adalah mahasiswa  Universitas Jenderal Soedirman sebagai  calon tenant. Calon wirausahan muda mandiri diseleksi dengan beberpa tahap, yaitu: 1. Seleksi tertulis, 2. Seleksi tertulis tahap 2 dan 3. seleksi wawancara.  Seleksi bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan, dan motivasi calon wirausaha. Hasil diperoleh dideskripsikan untuk menjaring calon wirausaha melalui ranking nilai hasil seleksi.  Calon wirausaha muda dengan jumlah 59 orang pada seleksi awal dan diperoleh 6 calon wirausaha yang akan dibimbing dan dilatih untuk menjadi wirausaha muda mandiri.  Keenam  calon wirausaha mempunyai usaha bidang: pengolahan susu; pembuatan sabun kefir; produksi ayam geprek dan fried chiken; produksi wedang jahe; budidaya ternak kelinci dan budidaya jangkrik alas. Kegiatan bagi tenant bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan sesuai bidang ilmu yang ditekuni yang dibimbing dan diarahkan melalui pelaksanaan program kewirausahaan.  Tenant mendapatkan bimbingan dan pelatihan baik pelatihan manajerial berupa penyusunan proposal bisnis, manajemen keuangan dan pelatihan motivasi diri.  Tenant mendapatkan kesempatan magang dan melakukan pemasaran.  Tenant diwajibkan untuk membuat proposal bisnis, melakukan magang dan membuat laporan akhir dan mengikuti pameran dari kegiatan yang telah dilakukan. Program pengembangan kewirausahaan juga mendatangkan pakar yang kompeten dibidang ilmunya untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan worshop kepada tenant.Kata kunci: tenant, iptek, wirausaha, mandiriAbstractThe entrepreneurship development program at Jenderal Sudirman University aims to produce independent science-based young entrepreneurs who have been running for 8 months. Participants are Jenderal Sudirman University as tenant. Prosepctive independent young entrepreneurs are selected with several stages, namely: 1. Written selection, 2. Written selection stages 2 and 3. Interview selection.  Selection aims to determine the ability, and motivation of prospective entrepreneurs. The results obtained are described to capture potential entrepreneurs through the ranking of the selection results. Prospective young entrepreneurs with a total of 59 people in the initial selection and obtained 6 prospective entrepreneurs who will be guided and trained to become independent young entrepreneurial entrepreneurs. The six prospective entrepreneurs have business fields: milk processing; kefir soap making; production of geprek and fried chicken; production of ginger drink; cultivation of rabbit and cultivation of pedestal crickets. Activities for tenants aim to improve skills in accordance with the fields of study that are guided and directed through the implementation of entrepreneurship programs. Tenant received guidance and training in both managerial training in the form of business proposals, financial management and self-motivation training. Tenant has the opportunity to intern and do marketing. Tenant is required to make a business proposal, do an internship and make a final report and attend an exhibition of activities that have been carried out. The entrepreneurship development program also brings competent experts in the field of science to provide knowledge and workshops to tenants.

This research set out to compare the physical and microstructural characteristics of kefir made of milk, colostrum, and milk-colostrum mixes at various proportions. Kefir was made by adding kefir grains to 100% milk (P0), 80% milk + 20% colostrum (P1), 60% milk + 40% colostrum (P3), 40% milk + 60% colostrum (P4), 80% milk + 20% colostrum (P5), and 100% colostrum (P6). Fermentation was allowed under room temperature for 24 hours. The characteristics observed were color values, viscosity, pH, water holding capacity (WHC), syneresis, and microstructure. The result showed that the color of kefir (L* value, lightness); (b* value, yellow-blue), (a*, red-green), and whiteness index (WI) was significantly affected by raw materials. The viscosity of kefir was also affected by the raw materials (p<0.05), in which the kefir made from a mix of 80% milk and 20% colostrum showed the highest viscosity (1524.20 m.Pa.S). However, other characteristics such as pH, WHC, and syneresis were not significantly affected by raw materials. The microstructure of kefir made from 20 to 40% colostrum showed a string and compact protein tissues, while that made from 80 to 100% colostrum showed a clumping gel and concentration dominated by protein and fat tissues.  This study demonstrated that milk kefir produced from milk-colostrum mixes posses a yellowish color (b*), low whitenes index, negative a* value, low lightness, whereas kefir made from 100% colostrum showed slightly greenish with low lightness level. Kefir with highest viscosity was produced from combined 80% milk and 20% colostrum. The microstructure of kefir produced from mixes with 40% and 60% colostrum showed a strong, tight, and compact microstructure of protein tissues.