Background: Prenatal exposure to ethanol has been shown to have teratogenic effects to the developing fetal liver. However, the histomorphological effects of ethanol on the structural organization of the fetal liver when exposed at different gestational periods and in varied doses has not been well elucidated. Method:A static-group experimental study design was adopted in this study. A sample size of 30 female albino rats dams weighing between 200 to 230gm were used as the animal experimental model. These 30 rats were further grouped into two main groups namely; the Control group (n=3) and the experimental group n=27). The 27 rats were further assigned into three study groups based on the ethanol dosage namely: LEG, MEG and HEG at trimester I, II and III each that received 2g/kgbwt, 3.5g/kgbwt and 5g/kgbwt of ethanol respectively once daily via oral gavage. The control group received food and water ad libitum only. All the rats were humanly sacrificed on their 20th day of gestation. A total of 90 fetuses had their liver harvested, fixed in 10% formaldehydeand processed for histological analysis. The tissue slides were mounted on BP Olympus microscope, viewed under different magnifications and a 32 megapixel digital camera was used to capture liver photomicrographs.Results: This study established varied histomorphological effects of ethanol on the fetal liver lobule including constriction of the central vein, dilatation of the liver sinusoids and hepatocyte disaggregation among others. In conclusion, ethanol consumption during pregnancy has a wide range of detrimental hepato-teratogenic effects throughout the three gestational periods in dose dependent manner. It is therefore recommended that expectant mothers should avoid ethanol consumption any time during pregnancy.

Aim: To evaluate the histostereological effects of P. africanus on testosterone induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for six weeks in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Methodology: A sample size of sixty Wistar were used as the experimental model and they were divided into two study groups of 30 rats in the restorative group and 30 rats in the inhibitory group. Each group was further categorized into 5 control and 25 experimental rats. The experimental rats were further subdivided into 5 sub-groups based on varying doses of the crude methanolic bark extract of P. africanus (0 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 125 mg, and 200 mg). BPH in experimental animal was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (7.5 mg/kg) for 10 days. Results: The findings of the study showed that the restorative group had a statistical significant (P<0.05) ((dose dependent reduction of the prostate volume, the stromal and epithelium volume was observed. While in the inhibitory group a statistical significant (P<0.05) dose-related inhibition, in the increase of the prostate volume, the stromal and epithelium volume was observed. In conclusion, the maximal restorative effect was observed to be up to 85.6% and at a dose of 200 mg, while the optimal inhibitory effects were observed to be between 66.7- 68.4% in the dose range of 100-200 mg/kg/body weight. Conclusion: Crude methanolic bark extract of P. africanus has both restorative.