Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great impact on every aspect of society. All countries launched preventive measures such as quarantine, lockdown, and physical distancing to control the disease spread. These restrictions might effect on daily life and mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in patients with COVID-19 at the Treatment Center.
Methods
A cross-sectional telephone survey was carried out at Hmawbi COVID-19 Treatment Center, Myanmar from December 2020 to January 2021. A total of 142 patients with COVID-19 who met the criteria were invited to participate in the study. A pre-tested Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used as a tool for depressive symptoms assessment. Data were analyzed by using binary logistic regression to identify associated factors of depressive symptoms. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significance with a p < 0.05.
Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with COVID-19 was 38.7%, with the means (± standard deviation, SD) subscale of somatic symptom, negative effect, and anhedonia were 4.64 (±2.53), 2.51 (± 2.12), and 5.01 (± 3.26), respectively. The patients with 40 years and older (AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.36–6.59), < 4 of household size (AOR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.46–8.15), ≤ 400,000 kyats of monthly family income (AOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02–5.54) and infection to family members (AOR: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.74–10.07) were significant associated factors of depressive symptoms.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of depressive symptoms, approximately 40%, was found in patients with COVID-19 in the Treatment Center. Establishments of psychosocial supports, providing psychoeducation, enhancing the social contact with family and friends, and using credible source of information related COVID-19 would be integral parts of mental health services in COVID-19 pandemic situation.
In this research, a differential drive wheeled mobile robot which can automatically track the trajectories was designed by using the fuzzy logic controller. The motion task of the mobile robot is motion through the points. When the user gives the desired point's position (x, y, θ) from PC, the position error and orientation error are derived. The position error and orientation error is sent as input to the fuzzy controller and then the required velocity is given to the motor depending to the position and orientation angle between the start point and desired point. Based on the electrical section, PIC16F887 microcontroller, motor driver, magnetic encoder DC motor and LCD are mainly used. The purpose of the use of driver is to control the rotation of the motors-forward or backward. So, VNH2SP30 driver is used in this system for this purpose. The magnetic encoder is to measure wheel revolution and it can be translated into linear displacement of the wheel. The design procedure consists of the kinematic structure of robot, hardware and software implementation and microcontroller programming. A simulation model of the control system is developed with MATLAB / SIMULINK block diagram. Simulation results of the proposed system are given to approve the effectiveness of the system.
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