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This study presents a real options-based framework for investment in land and water solar power projects in the idle areas of agricultural dams. The following four-step framework was verified through a case study conducted in South Korea: (1) select the location and size of the project; (2) define uncertainties in the project data (construction cost, O&M cost, sunshine hours, and mechanical efficiency) and market data (inflation, discount rate, risk-free interest rate, and electricity selling price); (3) estimate cash flow and project volatility to calculate the option value using a binomial tree model; and (4) make decisions regarding project investment. A case study was conducted for the Naju Agricultural Dam (NAD) project, which has a net present value of −6.67 million USD, but will have a profit of 38.17 million USD after an abandonment option is applied using the proposed framework. Our contributions provide a framework for evaluating the economic feasibility of installing solar projects in idle areas of agricultural dams and for improving the profitability of solar projects using the abandonment option. The proposed framework can assist investors in planning solar projects in idle areas of agricultural dams.