The NCCN Guidelines for Bladder Cancer provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer and other urinary tract cancers (upper tract tumors, urothelial carcinoma of the prostate, primary carcinoma of the urethra). These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel discussion behind recent important updates to the guidelines regarding the treatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer, including how to treat in the event of a bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shortage; new roles for immune checkpoint inhibitors in non–muscle invasive, muscle-invasive, and metastatic bladder cancer; and the addition of antibody–drug conjugates for metastatic bladder cancer.

Serum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and hypoalbuminemia predict overall and cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. These parameters also predict risk for extravesical disease. These could be combined with other established preoperative parameters to improve risk stratification and preoperative counseling.

Objective• To compare perioperative morbidity and oncological outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC) to open RC (ORC) at a single institution. Patients and Methods• A retrospective analysis was performed on a consecutive series of patients undergoing RC (100 RARC and 100 ORC) at Wake Forest University with curative intent from 2006 until 2010.• Complication data using the Clavien system were collected for 90 days postoperatively.• Complications and other perioperative outcomes were compared between patient groups. Results• Patients in both groups had comparable preoperative characteristics.• The overall and major complication (Clavien Ն3) rates were lower for RARC patients at 35 vs 57% (P = 0.001) and 10 vs 22% (P = 0.019), respectively. • There were no significant differences between groups for pathological outcomes, including stage, number of nodes harvested or positive margin rates. Conclusion• Our data suggest that patients undergoing RARC have perioperative oncological outcomes comparable with ORC, with fewer overall or major complications.• Definitive claims about comparative outcomes with RARC require results from larger, randomised controlled trials.

Recent advances in transurethral bladder tumor resection should aid its diagnostic accuracy, reduce recurrences, decrease complications and reduce the cost of management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Urologists should incorporate these evidence-based strategies into current guideline recommendations to improve patient outcomes following transurethral resection of bladder tumor in everyday practice.

Background: Statins are thought to possess antineoplastic properties related to their effect on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. Progression to castrate resistant prostate cancer (CaP) includes de-regulation of androgen synthesis suggesting a role for statins in this setting. Our goal was to assess the role of statin use on oncologic outcomes in patients with advanced CaP being treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods:The national VA database was used to identify all men diagnosed with CaP who were treated with ADT for at least 6 months between 2000 and 2008 with follow-up through May 2016.Our cohort was stratified based on statin use of at least 6 months duration during the same time. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses with inverse propensity score weighted (IPSW) adjustment were calculated to assess for primary outcomes of CaP-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS) and skeletal related events (SREs).Results: A total of 87,346 patients on ADT were included in the study cohort, 53,360 patients used statins and 33,986 did not. Statin users were younger in age (median 73 vs. 76, P < 0.001), more likely to have a higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) >3 (3.1% vs. 2.5%, P < 0.001) and more likely to have a high grade (Gleason score 8-10) cancer (12.3% vs. 10.9%, P < 0.001). Statin users had longer OS (median 6.5 vs. 4.0 years P < 0.001) and decreased death from CaP (5-year CSS 94.0% vs. 87.3%, P < 0.001). Statin use was also associated with longer time to a SRE (median 5.9 vs. 3.7 years, P < 0.001). On multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis with inverse propensity score weighted, statin use was an independent predictor of improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.68; P < 0.001), CSS (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.53-0.60; P < 0.001), and SREs (HR 0.64, 95%CI 0.59-0.71; P < 0.001) when controlling for age, race, Charlson comorbidity index, prostate-specific antigen, and Gleason score.