Background: Recent studies in nondisabled individuals have demonstrated that low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve cardiometabolic health similar to moderate-intensity training (MIT) despite requiring 20% of the overall time commitment. To date, there have been no studies assessing the effects of HIIT for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with SCI. Objectives: The primary purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of low-volume HIIT vs MIT using arm crank ergometer exercise to improve body composition, cardiovascular fitness, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, and blood pressure in a cohort of individuals with longstanding SCI. Methods: Participants were randomized to 6 weeks of HIIT or MIT arm crank exercise training. Aerobic capacity, muscular strength, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and body composition were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks post training. Results: Seven individuals (6 male, 1 female; n = 3 in MIT and n = 4 in HIIT; mean age 51.3 ± 10.5 years) with longstanding SCI completed the study. The preliminary findings from this pilot study demonstrated that individuals with SCI randomized to either 6 weeks of HIIT or MIT displayed improvements in (a) insulin sensitivity, (b) cardiovascular fitness, and (c) muscular strength ( p < .05). However, MIT led to greater improvements in arm fat percent and chest press strength compared to HIIT ( p < .05). Conclusion: No differences between MIT and HIIT were observed. Both conditions led to improvements in insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and blood lipids in individuals with SCI. Future larger cohort studies are needed to determine if the shorter amount of time required from HIIT is preferable to current MIT exercise recommendations.

142-45 (1977) (finding a significant increase in the number and proportion (relative to the courts' overall docket) of tort cases heard by state supreme courts from the 1870-1900 period to the 1940-1970 period). 10. See infra Chart I. 11. See infra Chart I. This chart and all other line charts and tables within this Article Computing: Consumers, Privacy Preferences, and Market Efficiency, 70 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 341 (2013) (addressing the legal consequences, in tort law and otherwise, of burgeoning reliance on "cloud" computing and data storage).

had secured legal education a place within the research university. 1 1 This, in turn, was believed to have brought them great prestige; James Barr Ames perceived that Germany considered its law professors the "lights of the legal profession." 12 Given the differences between their respective legal systems; the distinct purposes and positions of legal education in the United States and Germany; and the differences in how American and German students were taught, for most U.S. law teachers of the era German scholars and scholarship were only modestly influential. What importance they had was derived chiefly from a vague association with refined (in the minds of some Americans, too refined) professionalism. Few American instructors drew on the methods and teachings of their foreign counterparts. 13 But there was some transatlantic intellectual pollination. A handful of American academics, concentrated at elite institutions that could afford a professor of jurisprudence were influenced by the work of Continental scholars such as Karl Savigny, Hans Kelsen and Hermann Kantorowicz.1 4 By the early 1930s, with the tensions and disappointments of World War I having dissipated somewhat, Americans had returned to studying, lecturing and serving as visiting professors in Germany.' 5 At around the same time, some American law teachers also began to identify shared interests with their colleagues in Europe.' 6 Comparative law had been forced from the American law-school curriculum in the late 19th Century as a subject "of no apparent immedi-11. See James Barr Ames, The Vocation of the Law Professor, Address Delivered at the Dedication of the New Building of the Department of Law of the University of

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