Recent studies suggest that the cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles effectively adsorb aqueous arsenic species under a wide range of water chemistries. However, to develop CuO nanotechnology to a field application level, further studies are necessary. Batch adsorption kinetic experiments were conducted to determine the time course of uptake of arsenic by CuO nanoparticles. A reactor with CuO nanoparticles was developed to conduct continuous flow-through experiments to filter arsenic from groundwater samples. Groundwater samples spiked with 100 μg/L of arsenic were passed through (1L/h) the flow-through reactor. Samples from the flow-through reactor were collected at a regular interval and analyzed for arsenic and other chemical components (e.g., pH, major and trace elements). The CuO nanoparticles adsorbed with arsenic were regenerated with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and tested again in the flow-through reactor. Three natural groundwater samples with above 10 μg/L of arsenic were also tested with the flow-through reactor. The arsenic adsorption process by CuO nanoparticles was kinetically rapid and followed the pseudo-second-order rate. The continuous flow-through reactor with CuO nanoparticles was effective in filtering arsenic from spiked or natural groundwater. The regenerated CuO nanoparticles were also effective in filtering arsenic from groundwater. Arsenic mass balance data from regeneration studies suggested that 99% of input arsenic concentration was recovered. The CuO nanoparticle treatment did not show any discernible effects on the chemical quality of groundwater samples. Results of this study suggest that CuO nanoparticles show potential for developing a simple process for field applications to remove arsenic from water.

The contamination of arsenic in human drinking water supplies is a serious global health concern. Despite multiple years of research, sustainable arsenic treatment technologies have yet to be developed. This study demonstrates the intrinsic abilities of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) towards arsenic adsorption and the development of a point-of-use filter for field application. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments were used to examine adsorption, desorption, and readsorption of aqueous arsenite and arsenate by CuO-NP. Field experiments were conducted with a point-of-use filter, coupled with real-time arsenic monitoring, to remove arsenic from domestic groundwater samples. The CuO-NP were regenerated by desorbing arsenate via increasing pH above the zero point of charge. Results suggest an effective oxidation of arsenite to arsenate on the surface of CuO-NP. Naturally occurring arsenic was effectively removed by both as-prepared and regenerated CuO-NP in a field demonstration of the point-of-use filter. A sustainable arsenic mitigation model for contaminated water is proposed.

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The title compound, C6H5Cl2NO, has a single planar mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit with the non-H atoms possessing a mean deviation from planarity of 0.020 Å. In the crystal, O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of infinite chains along [101] which are further linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming (010) sheets.