The present study examined interpersonal synchrony during psychological counseling, focusing on heart rate synchrony. In psychological counseling and psychotherapy, embodied synchrony is considered an important factor related to building rapport and empathy. Recent interpersonal synchrony/coordination studies have addressed this issue, not only at the behavioral level but also at the neurological (brain activity) and physiological (cardiac activity) levels. However, there is little known literature on heart rate synchrony in a psychological counseling context. Therefore, we conducted a single exploratory case study to ascertain whether heart rate synchrony was observed in a counseling session and how it related to therapeutic processes and psychological issues. One male university student and one male clinical psychologist participated in our experiment. The student had a counseling session for 50 minutes. Video data were recorded and two wearable sensors were attached to the chests of both participants to collect heart rate data. We applied nonlinear time series analyses, based on a recurrence analysis, to the heart rate data to quantitatively assess heart rate synchrony. A qualitative analysis was also conducted by three clinical psychologists, based on video data from the viewpoints of clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The results show that the heart rate synchrony between client and therapist was observed and changed dynamically during the session. The present study suggests that heart rate synchrony may occur in some clinically important scenes and reflect psychological factors (e.g., building rapport and empathy) and social relationships (e.g., leader-follower). The present study shows the applicability of recurrence-based analyses to complex heart rate data during psychological counseling, as ex

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We report spin-glass transition at room temperature (RT) and cluster-glass behavior below RT for Fe doped In2O3 powders with the atomic ratio of In : Fe = 1.85 : 0.15 grown in an oxygen atmosphere. In ac susceptibility, a large peak and a small cusp were observed at RT and ≈30 K, respectively. The peak at RT shifted to higher temperatures with an increase of applied field frequency, while the cusp showed no frequency dependence. Third harmonic nonlinear susceptibility exhibited a divergent peak at RT. Field-cooled dc susceptibility increased almost linearly below RT, whereas zero-field-cooled dc susceptibility deviated below the field-cooled one with lowering temperature.

The basic structure of alpha-LiFeO2, lithium iron oxide, is a cubic NaCl-type structure with a lattice constant of 0.42 nm; some short-range ordering characterized by octahedral clusters exists. The local structure of the short-range ordering was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. A new short-range ordering structure was found in local areas. The local structure has a cubic lattice with a doubled lattice constant. The occupation factors of cations on Wyckoff sites 4(a) and 4(b) are different from those on 24(d) sites, but the stoichiometric composition in cubic clusters is the same as the macroscopic composition. The number of pairs in which iron cations exist in nearest-neighbor sites and next nearest-neighbor sites is reduced in the structure. This means that a magnetic interaction between the iron cations is reduced by cation ordering even without spin ordering at room temperature.

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