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Fibrous anatase TiO 2 nanotubes-aggregated porous microspheres (AMS) with high specific surface area (160 m 2 g À1) were fabricated through an alkali solution-assisted hydrothermal process followed by an acid post-treatment and a calcination by using commercial TiO 2 nanopowder (P25) as raw material. The resultant AMS microspheres with an average diameter of $ 5 lm have three-dimensional network-like porous structures formed by accumulation and winding of fibrous TiO 2 nanotubes with diameter < 10 nm. When used as photoanode materials of Ti foil-based quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells, the AMS film-based solar cell gives a conversion efficiency of 7.16% with 34% improvement when compared to the P25 film-based one (5.34%).

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Hole conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode (PM-PSCs) have a good commercialization prospect because of low-cost production and high power conversion e ciency (PCE). Currently, the problem of improving the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is very important for commercialization. Interfacial engineering using polymers is an effective method to improve the e ciency and stability of PSCs. We prepared PM-PSCs by treatment with the toluene solution containing PS on the carbon electrode of the PM-PSCs, which would improve the charge transfer and greatly suppressed charge recombination in polystyrene (PS)-treated PM-PSCs, and also could greatly prevent degradation of perovskite into PbI 2 . The PS-treated PM-PSCs showed higher stability to light and moisture than the control, and the PCE was improved from 11.31% (control) to 14.03%.