Metal nanoparticles are garnering considerable attention owing to their high potential for use in various applications in the material, electronics, and energy industries. Recent research efforts have focused on the biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials using microorganisms rather than traditional chemical synthesis methods. Microorganisms have evolved to possess molecular machineries for detoxifying heavy metals, mainly by employing metal-binding proteins and peptides. Biosynthesis of diverse metal nanoparticles has recently been demonstrated using such heavy metal detoxification systems in microorganisms, which provides several advantages over the traditional chemical synthesis methods. First, metal nanoparticles can be synthesized at mild temperatures, such as at room temperature, with less energy input. Second, no toxic chemicals or reagents are needed, and thus the process is environmentally friendly. Third, diverse metal nanoparticles, including those that have never been chemically synthesized, can be biosynthesized. Here, we review the strategies for the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using microorganisms, and provide future prospects.
Hierarchical hollow spheres of Fe2 O3 @polyaniline are fabricated by template-free synthesis of iron oxides followed by a post in- and exterior construction. A combination of large surface area with porous structure, fast ion/electron transport, and mechanical integrity renders this material attractive as a lithium-ion anode, showing superior rate capability and cycling performance.
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