Abstract-Web services are considered to be a potential silver bullet for the envisioned Service Oriented Architecture, in which loosely coupled software components are published, located, and executed as integral parts of distributed applications. The main research focus of Web services is to achieve the interoperability between distributed and heterogeneous applications. Therefore, flexible composition of Web services to fulfill the given challenging requirements is one of the most important objectives in this research field. However, until now, service composition has been largely an error-prone and tedious process. Furthermore, as the number of available Web services increases, finding the right Web services to satisfy the given goal becomes intractable. In this paper, toward these issues, we propose an AI planning-based framework that enables the automatic composition of Web services, and explore the following issues. First, we formulate the Web service composition problem in terms of AI planning and network optimization problems to investigate its complexity in detail. Second, we analyze publicly available Web service sets using network analysis techniques. Third, we develop a novel Web service benchmark tool called WSBen. Fourth, we develop a novel AI planning-based heuristic Web service composition algorithm named WSPR. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to verify WSPR against state-of-the-art AI planners. It is our hope that both WSPR and WSBen will provide useful insights for researchers to develop Web service discovery and composition algorithms, and software.

Conventional printing technologies such as inkjet, screen, and gravure printing have been used to fabricate patterns of silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for a variety of electronic devices. However, they have critical limitations in achieving micrometer-scale fine line width, uniform thickness, sharp line edge, and pattering of various shapes. Moreover, the optical and electrical properties of printed AgNW patterns do not satisfy the performance required by flexible integrated electronic devices. Here, we report a high-resolution and large-area patterning of highly conductive AgNW TCEs by reverse offset printing and intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation for flexible integrated electronic devices. A conductive AgNW ink for reverse offset printing is prepared by carefully adjusting the composition of AgNW content, solvents, surface energy modifiers, and organic binders for the first time. High-quality and highresolution AgNW micropatterns with various shapes and line widths are successfully achieved on a large-area plastic substrate (120 × 100 mm 2 ) by optimizing the process parameters of reverse offset printing. The reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns exhibit superior fine line widths (up to 6 μm) and excellent pattern quality such as sharp line edge, fine line spacing, effective wire junction connection, and smooth film roughness. They are post-processed with IPL irradiation, thereby realizing excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, flexible OLEDs and heaters based on reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns are successfully fabricated and characterized, demonstrating the potential use of the reverse offset printing for the conductive AgNW ink.

________________________________________________________________________As the number of available web services proliferates, finding right web services to fulfill a given goal becomes an important task. In particular, a problem of combining multiple web services to satisfy a single task, known as web services composition problem, has received much attention recently, and various solutions have been proposed. Among many proposed solutions, however, it is not clear to use which one in what scenarios. In this paper, to this end, we present: (1) a taxonomy and decision guideline of available solution spaces; (2) an overview of syntactic and semantic matching approaches, and (3) a comparative illustration of three representative solutions from the perspective of e-service workflows.

A B S T R A C TCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated on a sample of glass fiber air filter medium at atmospheric pressure and room temperature using electro-aerodynamic deposition (EAD). In the EAD method, CNTs (diameter: 50 nm, length: 2-3 lm) were aerosolized, electrically charged, and injected through a nozzle. A voltage was applied externally between the ground nozzle and a planar electrode on which the sample was located. The charged CNTs were deposited on the sample in a vertically standing posture even at a low flow velocity. Before the deposition experiment, a calculation was performed to determine the applied voltage by simulating the electric field, flow field, and particle trajectory. Using CNT-coated filter samples, virus aerosol filtration and anti-viral tests were carried out using the aerosol number counting method and the plaque counting method, respectively. For this purpose, bacteriophage MS2 was aerosolized with an atomizer. The particle filtration efficiency was increased to 33.3% in the most penetration particle size zone (100 nm) and the antiviral efficiency of the CNT filter was 92% when the coating areal density was 1.5 · 10 9 #/cm 2 . The susceptibility constant of virus to CNTs was 0.2 cm 2 /lg. (J. Hwang). C A R B O N 7 5 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 4 0 1 -4 1 0 A v ai l abl e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t. c o m ScienceDirect j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / c a r b o n

Using graph theory, we analyze the topological landscape of web service networks formed by real-world data set, either downloaded from web service repositories or crawled by a search engine. We first propose a flexible framework to study syntactic web service matchmaking in a unified manner. Under the framework, then, the data set is analyzed from diverse perspectives and granularity. By and large, the data set is shown to exhibit small world network well and power-law-like distribution to some extent. Finally, using random graph theory, we demonstrate how to accurately estimate the size of the giant component of such web service networks.