The variations in recovery time, complications, and survival among cardiac patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures are vast. Many formulas and theories are used to predict clinical outcome and recovery time, and current prognostic predictions are based on medical and family history, lifestyle, comorbidities, and performance status. The identification of biomarkers that provide concrete evidence supporting clinical outcome has greatly affected the field of medicine, helping clinicians in many medicine sub-specialties to forecast clinical course. Recent studies have discovered biomarkers that may be used as predictors of cardiac patients' status post-cardiothoracic surgery, and the applications are numerous. In this review, we assess currently available cardiac biomarkers as predictors of clinical outcome for post-operative CABG patients. Data were collected from various studies in which cardiac biomarkers were measured in pre-operative and post-operative CABG patients.

This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal attachment, parenting efficacy, and financial background on the infant and child's attachment. The data were collected from 60 infants(12 to 36 months) and children(48 to 60 months) in 8 educational institutions located in 5 Daejeon districts.Infant Q-set test and Slough and Greenberg's Child SAT interview were conducted for assessing infant's and child's attachment For maternal attachment, AAS(Adult Attachment Scale) by Jung Hae-Seung was used and for parenting efficacy, the instrument designed by Yoon-Jin Lee was used.Mean and standard deviation were calculated and regression analysis was done. The results showed that maternal attachement had an impact on infant' and child's attachment and there was a relationship between financial background and infant's and child's attachment.