Cecropia genus comprises pioneer trees which are characteristic elements of forest borders and gaps in the Neotropics (Vasconcelos & Casimiro, 1997; Sposito & Santos, 2001). Most species are inhabited by mutualistic ants that nest inside hollow internodes where they store eggs, larvae and pupae (Harada & Benson, 1988), and feed on glycogenrich Müllerian bodies called trichilium located at the base of leaf petioles (Yu & Davidson, 1997). Although Cecropia can host a variety of resident ant genera, Azteca spp are the most common ant inhabitants (Longino, 1991a). Usually only one mature Azteca colony inhabits a Cecropia tree, however up to five Azteca species may be found in a Cecropia population (Longino, 1991a). In addition to a resident Azteca colony, other ant species can be found living or foraging on the same Cecropia tree (Vieira et al., 2010). However, the diversity of non-Azteca ants living on Cecropia trees or using them as foraging substrates is still poorly known, as well as the factors that might affect ant richness and abundance on these trees.
This study aimed to test for vertical stratification and the effects of dry leaf size on herbivore and predator arthropods and petiole length on insect borers in Cecropia pachystachya. The leaves were sampled in three strata: attached to the plant, suspended on the vegetation and on the ground. We detected vertical stratification only in the guild of predator arthropods associated with dry leaves, with lower richness and abundance in the attached stratum. In addition, larger leaves positively affected the insect herbivore fauna, whereas the richness and abundance of insect borers increased with petiole length. The greater isolation of leaves attached to trees relative to the surrounding vegetation likely creates greater difficulty for dispersal and colonization by non-winged predators such as spiders. Larger dry leaves provide more shelter against predators and climate variations for insect herbivores. Moreover, larger petioles increase the availability of resources and nesting sites for insect borers. These results are consistent with other studies that found a similarity in the structure of feeding guilds across vertical strata and with studies that showed an increase in species richness and abundance of free-feeding insect herbivores with increasing structural complexity of their host.Keywords: insect herbivores, bark beetles, predators, habitat complexity, resource availability.Estratificação vertical e efeito do tamanho de pecíolos e folhas secas de Cecropia pachystachya sobre guildas alimentares de artrópodes (Urticaceae) ResumoOs objetivos do presente trabalho foram testar as hipóteses de que existe estratificação vertical e efeito do tamanho de folhas secas de Cecropia pachystachya sobre artrópodes herbívoros e predadores, e efeito do tamanho dos pecíolos sobre insetos brocadores. As folhas foram amostradas em três estratos: presas à planta, caídas sobre a vegetação e no solo. Foi verificada estratificação vertical apenas para os artrópodes predadores, com menor riqueza e abundância no estrato presa. Além disso, folhas maiores afetam positivamente a fauna de insetos herbívoros, enquanto que a riqueza e abundância de brocadores aumentam com o tamanho do pecíolo. O maior isolamento das folhas presas em relação à vegetação do entorno provavelmente determina maior dificuldade de dispersão e colonização por predadores não alados, como aranhas. Folhas secas maiores oferecem maiores áreas de refúgio e abrigo contra predadores e variações climáticas para insetos herbívoros. Além disso, maiores pecíolos aumentam a disponibilidade de alimento e locais para nidificação dos insetos brocadores. Estes resultados são consistentes com estudos que encontraram uma similaridade na estrutura de guildas alimentares entre estratos verticais. Corroboram também estudos que mostram o aumento da riqueza e abundância de insetos herbívoros de vida livre com o aumento da complexidade estrutural do hospedeiro.Palavras-chave: insetos herbívoros, brocadores, predadores, complexidade do habitat, disponibilidade de recurso.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.