For the rapid distribution and successful cultivation of beans, it is necessary to develop methods of cultivation technology in accordance with the soil and climatic conditions of Krasnodar region. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the efficiency of irrigation, various doses of mineral nutrition and the use of the biological product Nitragin KM on grain beans crops. The effect of pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers under irrigation and rainfed conditions on phenological, morphological traits, yield and productivity of grain beans variety Yuzhanka has been studied. Analysis of the data on the yield of beans seeds showed that the most effective agricultural method for seed production of this crop is the introduction of mineral fertilizers on drip irrigation. With an increase in the level of mineral nutrition, the seed multiplication factor increased from 30 to 45 pcs/pcs on dry land and from 50 to 69 pcs/pcs during irrigation. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in yields both in rainfed and irrigated conditions. The highest yield of bean seeds of variety Yuzhanka was obtained with the use of fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 (1,77 t/ha on dry land and 3,04 t/ha on irrigated plots).
В работе рассмотрено формирование групп коров на кормление по фазам лактации. Рассмотрены основные причины замены пропиленгликоля глицерином. Для обоснования исключения из рационов дойных коров сена приведен расчет потерь питательных веществ при разных способах консервирования люцерны, отмечено, что при заготовке сена потери протеина составляют 34,71, неструктурных углеводов 36,36 относительно зелёной массы, в результате энергетическая питательность снижается на 22,48. При заготовке сенажа процент потерь значительно меньше по сравнению с сеном. Анализ структуры корма посредством пенсильванской сортирующей системы показал соответствие содержания частичек корма при просеве на сите с разным диаметром ячеек нормативным требованиям. Применение адсорбента микотоксинов SaproSORB показало, что выход молока на один килограмм сухого вещества рациона увеличился на 6,74, себестоимость 1 кг молока с применением Сапросорба снижается на 0,16 рубля. При учёте потребления сухого вещества на одну голову в сутки в условиях жары отмечено увеличение поедаемости корма при сокращении внесения воды (более сухие рационы СВ 55 против СВ 50), увеличение молочной продуктивности. Сравнение химического состава сенажа без использования и с использованием консерванта Веst-Sil показало снижение доли лигнина на 17,2, увеличение легкоусвояемых углеводов на 21,6, чистой энергиии лактации на 7,2. Контроль работы корн-крекера комбайна и крупность резки кукурузы на силос производится посредством специального набора сит по отработанной методике. Экономический расчёт эффективности использования соевого, подсолнечного шротов и рекомендуемого использования зерна экструдированной сои собственного производства даёт экономию затрат корма на 1 кг молока 0,94 рубля, за счет снижения стоимости рационов. Контроль полноценности кормления коров и корректировка кормления производится как с учётом зоотехнических, так и биохимических показателей.The paper considers the formation of groups of cows for feeding by lactation phases. The main reasons for the replacement of propylene glycol with glycerin are considered. To justify the absence of hay dairy cows in the diets, the calculation of nutrient losses is given for different methods of preserving alfalfa, it is noted that protein loss is 34.71, non-structural carbohydrates 36.36 relative to the green mass when hay is harvested, as a result, energy nutrition is reduced by 22, 48 When harvesting haylage, the percentage of losses is much less relative to hay. An assessment of the analysis of the feed structure using the means of the Pencil sorting system showed that the content of feed particles during screening on a sieve with different cell diameters is in compliance with regulatory requirements. The use of SaproSORB mycotoxin adsorbent showed that the yield of milk per 1 kilogram of dry matter of the diet increased by 6.74, the cost of 1 kg of milk using Saprosorb reduced by 0.16 rubles. When taking into account the consumption of dry matter per 1 head per day in hot conditions, an increase in feed intake was noted with a decrease in water intake (more dry diets of SV 55 versus SV 50), an increase in milk productivity. Comparison of the chemical composition of silage without using and using the West-Sil preservative showed a decrease in the lignin fraction by 17.2, an increase in easily digestible carbohydrates by 21.6, and net energy and lactation by 7.2. The control of the work of the combine cracker and the size of the corn cutting into silage is carried out by means of a special set of sieves according to the well-established methodology. An economic calculation of the effi ciency of using soybean and sunfl ower meal and the recommended use of extruded soybean grain of our own production saves feed costs per 1 kg of milk 0.94 rubles, due to a decrease in the cost of rations. Monitoring the usefulness of feeding cows and adjusting feeding is carried out taking into account zootechnical and biochemical parameters
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