Objectives: Incremental health care resource utilization associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was estimated across two subgroups; individuals with ADPKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and those with ADPKD but without ESRD. MethOds: Study data were from a large administrative claims and enrollment database. Individuals 18 y/o or older, enrolled in tracked health plans for 12 months from April 1, 2011 through March 31, 2012, and with an ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for "polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant" (753.13) or for "polycystic kidney, unspecified type (753.12) were identified as having ADPKD, and linked one-to-one with individuals without ADPKD on age and gender. ESRD was identified by presence of ICD-9-CM code 585.6. Zero-inflated negative binomial models estimated incremental hospitalizations, hospital days, outpatient visits, and emergency room visits for each subgroup , adjusting for age, gender, Charlson co-morbidity index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and geographical region. Results: A total of 3,844 individuals with ADPKD who satisfied selection criteria were linked one-to-one with 3,844 individuals without ADPKD. Among persons with ADPKD, 644 had a diagnosis of ESRD. The sample was 53% female and 55% were between 45 to 64 years old. Incremental mean (standard error) resource utilization associated with ADPKD with ESRD as compared to persons without ADPKD was 0.35 (0.052) or 35 additional hospitalizations per 100 patients, 2.5 (0.42) or 250 hospital days per 100 patients, and 24.0 (1.2) or 2,400 outpatient visits per 100 patients. Incremental mean (standard error) resource utilization associated with ADPKD but without ESRD as compared to persons without ADPKD was 0.065 (0.028) or 6.5 additional hospitalizations per 100 patients, 0.5 (0.091) or 50 hospital days per 100 patients, and 4.4 (0.41) or 440 outpatient visits per 100 patients. cOnclusiOns: ADPKD was associated with incrementally greater health care resource utilization even before patients reached ESRD.

OBJECTIVOS: Estimar la carga económica que representan las enfermedades vinculadas al consumo de tabaco en el Hospital Central Militar (HCM), a través del costo directo de atención médica (CDAM). METODOLOGÍAS: La estimación del CDAM atribuible al consumo de tabaco fue realizada en pacientes con diagnóstico de primera vez de las enfermedades: CP (20), IAM (123), EPOC (160) y EVC (288), en 2009. El análisis de costos fue realizado desde la perspectiva del proveedor de servicios, aplicando la metodología Cost of Illness (COI), basada en la prevalencia así como la creación de un panel de expertos multidisciplinario, que clasificó la atención médica: Ambulatoria, Urgencias, Hospitalización, Quirófano, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Quimioterapia y Radioterapia. Finalmente utilizamos la fracción atribuible por tabaco para estimar los costos. Los costos fueron reportados en pesos mexicanos ($) y en dólares (USD) del 2009. RESULTADOS: Durante el 2009, el costo promedio anual por paciente sin importar la gravedad de la enfermedad fue de

Spiromax® inhaler was also investigated. Methods: The eligible adult patient population was based on current confirmed UK asthma and COPD diagnosis rates, with the proportion receiving FDCs based on market research data. Costs of FDCs and scheduled and unscheduled healthcare events were taken from publicly available UK sources. Frequency of poor inhalation technique with the market-leading DPIs, and the associated increased risk of unscheduled healthcare events, were taken from a large (n=1,664) cross-sectional, Italian observational study, with the estimated reduction in the proportion of patients with poor inhalation technique with DuoResp® Spiromax® based on a conservative assumption. Results: The model estimated that 400,926 adult patients use Symbicort® Turbohaler® and 357,008 Seretide® Accuhaler® annually and were therefore eligible for treatment with DuoResp® Spiromax®, with 174,403 and 123,168 of these exhibiting poor inhalation technique, respectively. Assuming a hypothetical uptake of DuoResp® Spiromax® reaching 13% in year 4 and 5, and its current UK price, the model predicted drug cost savings totalling £65.57 million over five years. Furthermore, 64,845 unscheduled healthcare events could be avoided due to the predicted improvement in inhalation technique with DuoResp® Spiromax® compared with these DPIs, resulting in further savings of £4.78 million. ConClusions: DuoResp® Spiromax® is likely to offer budgetary savings compared with market-leading DPIs, with further cost savings potentially resulting from improved inhalation technique.

is a modality of renal replacement therapy that depends on a viable vascular access. The temporary double-lumen catheter (TBLC) provides immediate management; however, its use implies complications. This research aimed to calculate the average cost of TBLC use in chronic renal failure patients undergoing HD. Methods: It was an observational cost assessment study, with quantitative approach, performed in the HD unit of a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the period from April to September 2015. The sample consisted of 20 patients using TBLC who started dialysis. Data were analyzed using the statistical program Epi Info and Excel® 2010. Ethics Committee approved the study with

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