Purpose: Ultrasound [US] is an excellent noninvasive modality to evaluate thyroid nodules.Aim of our study was to characterize the thyroid nodules according to grey scale sonographic features into high suspicious ,probably benign, benign aspects and normal thyroid using TIRADS scoring system and to characterize the thyroid nodule according to the sonographic features into a specific TIRADS stage and correlate the results with the histopathological examination findings wherever possible. Material And Methods: The prospective study was carried out on 60 patients referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rajindra Hospital,Patiala. All the patients were subjected to detailed history taking,clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations.All thyroid nodules were characterized according to the internal component[solid, mixed or cystic], the margins, echogenicity [hyperechoic, Isoechoic,hypoechoic, marked hypoehoic], evidence of calcification [microcalcification if less than 3mm and macrocalcification if more than 3mm with acoustic shadowing]and the shape[taller than wide if greater in anteroposterior dimension than in its transverse dimension and wider than tall]. Using the Modified Russ Classification, each nodule was classified into TIRADS categories [1,2,3,4A,4B and 5] based on ultrasound features.The patients were referred to Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Patiala and FNAC was done. The US findings were correlated with FNAC and data was analyzed statistically. Results: Based on various ultrasound characteristics of thyroid nodules,TIRADS score was given to each thyroid nodule and then FNAC was done.The results of histopathology were correlated with ultrasound features and statistical analysis was done calculating sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each feature.The sensitivity and specificity for Irregular contours were 44.4% and 94.12%,for taller than wide were 22.22% and 100%,for microcalcification were33.3.3% and 94.12%,for marked hypoechogenicity was 78 and 70.89% and for solid consistency were89 and 70.5%.The risk of malignancy was found to increase from TIRADS3 to TIRADS5 in this study. All the cases [100%] of TIRADS 5 turned out to be malignant on histopathology. Conclusion: Radiologists should be aware of usefulness of specific ultrasound features of thyroid nodules like Irregular contours, tallerCorresponding Author:-Simmi Bhatnagar.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) are rare, aggressive sarcomatous tumours of peripheral nerve sheaths which can arise from preexisting neurofibroma or de novo.Sporadic origin accounts for nearly half of all MPNST cases,while other cases occur in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).The most common site is nerve trunks of extremities like sciatic nerve. On literature search only four case reports of MPNST of radial nerve are published till date.We report a case of 50 years old lady presenting with a large,firm,ovoid swelling measuring 7 cm x 8 cm over her right arm with symptoms of neuropathy.The fine needle aspiration cytology report was a benign neurogenenic tumour. MRI reported as a radial nerve sheath tumour. Core biopsy shows features of neurofibroma(NF).She was subjected to treatment as a benign pathology but the final histopathological report was a low grade - malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour.
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