У статті аналізується та досліджується соціально-психологічна адаптація студентів-першокурсників. Мета дослідити основні проблеми адаптації першокурсників до навчання у закладі вищої медичної освіти шляхом опитування.

As a result of intensive anthropogenic impact in the biosphere there is a rapid process of accumulation of heavy metal salts. They have led to the aggravation of problems associated with the pollution of ecosystems and basic food products of plant and animal origin. Environmental pollution by these compounds is caused by their persistence in environmental objects, migration ability, accumulation by plants. This contributes to their accumulation in the human environment. A number of studies have shown that heavy metals have mutagenic, toxic effects and affect the intensity of biochemical processes. Therefore, the presence of heavy metals in the environment is extremely undesirable. Moreover, the ecological state of the environment is directly related to changes in the human internal environment. Deficiency or excess of certain bioelements in soils and drinking water or non-compliance with its stable chemical composition causes the development of dysmicroelementosis. The ecological situation of the Carpathian region is closely related to the state of soils and water resources. In this regard, it is advisable to study and control the level of cadmium compounds in the environment of the region. The study of the effect of cadmium intoxication on the macro- and microelement composition of the brain and myocardium of experimental animals is also worthwhile. Materials and methods: Soils and drinking water of the plain, foothill and mountainous zones of the region, as well as organs and tissues of experimental animals served as the object of research. Cadmium levels in drinking water and myocardial tissues and brain of experimental animals have been measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results and discussion: The study of soils in the Prykarpattia region has revealed an increase in the toxic element cadmium. Its content is 1.1-1.5 times higher than background levels. The analysis of drinking water allowed to establish that a significant number of people living in the plain and foothill zone of the region consume water with a high content of cadmium. The main stages of cadmium intake and accumulation in plants have been analyzed. Significant disorders in the body of experimental animals under conditions of excessive intake of cadmium compounds have been revealed. It was accompanied by the accumulation of cadmium in the myocardium and brain, on the background of redistribution of vital macronutrients calcium and magnesium along with micronutrients copper and zinc. Thus, excessive intake of cadmium salts causes the development of dysmicroelementosis, which is accompanied by a violation of the homeostasis of a living organism. It is suggested to conduct continuous monitoring of the level of toxicants in the ecosystem as an integral component of environmental monitoring.

The purpose of the study was to form an algorithm for constant control of the content of cadmium and nitrate ions as an important component of environmental monitoring in the Ciscarpathia ecosystem. Materials and methods. The soils and drinking water of the plain, foothill and mountainous areas of the region were the object of research. The cadmium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry on a C-115 PC spectrophotometer. The concentration of nitrate ions in drinking water was determined potentiometrically using an ion-selective electrode. Results and discussion. The Ciscarpathia is a unique region of Ukraine with rich natural resources, diverse flora and fauna. At the same time, more than 500 industrial enterprises (more than 4% of the total area) of the chemical, energy, oil and gas, woodworking and other industries are located in the region. These enterprises cause a significant man-made load on all components of the natural environment. The ecological situation of the Ciscarpathian region is closely related to the state of soils and water resources. In this regard, it is appropriate to study and control the level of cadmium and nitrate compounds in the environment of the region. The study of the soils of the Carpathian region confirmed the growth of the cadmium toxic element, the content of which was by 1.3–1.5 times higher than the background indicators. It is determined that the level of nitrate ions in the drinking water of the plain zone exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 1.5–2 times, and the physiological water completeness indicator – by 160–606 times; in the foothills and mountain zones the content of nitrates does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration, but it is by 35−253 times higher than the physiological water completeness indicator. The main stages of entry and accumulation of cadmium in the plant body have been analyzed. Conclusion. The results of our research made it possible to establish significant differences in the content of cadmium and nitrate ions in the soils and drinking water of different geographical zones of the Carpathian region. In particular, a significant number of the population living in the plains and foothills consumes water with a high content of nitrate ions and cadmium, which leads to an increase in the combined effect of these toxicants on living organisms. It is proposed to carry out constant monitoring of the level of toxicants in the ecosystem as an important component of environmental monitoring. The use of cultivated plants is recommended for cleaning the soil from cadmium contamination

As a result of intensive anthropogenic impact in the biosphere there is a rapid process of accumulation of heavy metal salts. They have led to the aggravation of problems associated with the pollution of ecosystems and basic food products of plant and animal origin. Environmental pollution by these compounds is caused by their persistence in environmental objects, migration ability, accumulation by plants. This contributes to their accumulation in the human environment. A number of studies have shown that heavy metals have mutagenic, toxic effects and affect the intensity of biochemical processes. Therefore, the presence of heavy metals in the environment is extremely undesirable. Moreover, the ecological state of the environment is directly related to changes in the human internal environment. Deficiency or excess of certain bioelements in soils and drinking water or non-compliance with its stable chemical composition causes the development of dysmicroelementosis. The ecological situation of the Carpathian region is closely related to the state of soils and water resources. In this regard, it is advisable to study and control the level of cadmium compounds in the environment of the region. The study of the effect of cadmium intoxication on the macro- and microelement composition of the brain and myocardium of experimental animals is also worthwhile. Materials and methods. Soils and drinking water of the plain, foothill and mountainous zones of the region, as well as organs and tissues of experimental animals served as the object of research. Cadmium levels in drinking water and myocardial tissues and brain of experimental animals have been measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results and discussion. The study of soils in the Prykarpattia region has revealed an increase in the toxic element cadmium. Its content is 1.1-1.5 times higher than background levels. The analysis of drinking water allowed to establish that a significant number of people living in the plain and foothill zone of the region consume water with a high content of cadmium. The main stages of cadmium intake and accumulation in plants have been analyzed. Significant disorders in the body of experimental animals under conditions of excessive intake of cadmium compounds have been revealed. It was accompanied by the accumulation of cadmium in the myocardium and brain, on the background of redistribution of vital macronutrients calcium and magnesium along with micronutrients copper and zinc. Thus, excessive intake of cadmium salts causes the development of dysmicroelementosis, which is accompanied by a violation of the homeostasis of a living organism. It is suggested to conduct continuous monitoring of the level of toxicants in the ecosystem as an integral component of environmental monitoring.