Odontogenesis is a complex embryonic process originated by the interaction between two main embryonic components, dental epithelium and ectomesenchyme. This ectomesenchymal interaction is mediated by growth and transcription factors controlling the different aspects of tooth development such as tooth initiation, enamel knot formation and/or cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this review was to establish which factors are, how they interact and their functions in Odontogenesis. We have described several signaling pathways which are essential for correct tooth development and organized all available information. Our conclusion is that instead of large amount of information about tooth development, further studies are necessary to clear several essential mechanisms which still remain unknown and/or unclear. Thickening of dental epithelium and mesenchymal condensation: Epithelial BMP-4 and FGF-8 are essential in control of target genes transcription at this stage. They interact, BMP-4 as inhibitor and FGF-8 as inducer, and lead to different responses (Figure 2) [7,16,19] controlling epithelial proliferation. Early markers of tooth position and tooth type: Prior to thickening of dental epithelium various factors are expressed in dental epithelium and mesenchyme determining the position and pattern of prospective tooth.