Abstract.The electrical performance and reliability of flattype photovoltaic (PV) modules can be severely affected by elevated cell operating temperature due to elevated ambient temperatures. In this work the free flow front water cooling solutions to enhance flat-type PV module electrical performance is experimentally explored on laboratory scale module operated outdoors under natural light luminance. Water-cooling is implemented using a perforated tube disposed on the top of the panel and a chilled water source, both attached to the module active surface. The cooling water directly wets the module active surface, thereby decreasing the light reflection loss and cleaning the panel surface in the same time. For given meteorological conditions, the efficiency of free water cooling was measured and the corresponding additionally electrical energy yield was determined. The equivalent electric circuit of the PV panel cooling system is developed and an appropriate algorithm for its parameters experimental determination is proposed.

Abstract. This paper deals with the surface impurities that occur onto operating solar cells, a widespread problem. The depositions on the photovoltaic cells, represented by dust and dirt which appear inevitably, lead to deterioration over time or to the decrease of efficiency of the panels that contain the affected cells, and as a result there are losses that appear in the system. Some local depositions create shady areas, causing significant overheating which is experimentally highlighted.. Key wordsrenewable energy, solar cells efficiency, the effect of the impurities, thermo-vision, model.

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Through this paper we study losses that occur in a photovoltaic system by making simulations using the following software: Pspice and PVSYST, emphasizing the moment when the PV cells are shaded or covered, namely when the level of irradiation is not uniform throughout the module. In technical literature, the irradiation degree of solar panels is one of the determining factors for PV systems to function in optimal parameters. In this paper we modeled the effect of shading and covering of photovoltaic cells with PSpice software simulator.