Detection limits for the main heteroatoms in pollutants and chemical agents have been determined in atmospheric conditions with the use of the time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (TRELIBS) method. This method presents many advantages for detection in hazardous or corrosive gas mixtures where sampling systems are not usable. Moreover, low concentrations of fluorine, chlorine, sulfur, and carbon can be measured with short analysis times. Currently, concentration limits are close to 10–50 ppm (w/w) for F, Cl, and C atoms, while presently only 1500 ppm (w/w) limits are reached for S. These measurements are obtained with an analysis time of under 20 s.

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We explore the feasibility of conducting electron ionization (EI) in a radio-frequency (rf) ion source trap for mass spectrometry applications. Electrons are radially injected into a compact linear ion trap in the presence of a magnetic field used essentially to lengthen the path of the electrons in the trap. The device can either be used as a stand-alone mass spectrometer or can be coupled to a mass analyzer. The applied parallel magnetic field and the oscillating rf electric field produced by the trap give rise to a set of coupled Mathieu equations of motion. Via numerical simulations, electron trajectories are studied under varying intensities of the magnetic field in order to determine the conditions that enhance ion production. Likewise, the dynamic behavior of the ions are investigated in the proposed EI source trap and the fast Fourier transform FFT formalism is used to obtain the frequency spectrum from the numerical simulations to study the motional frequencies of the ions which include combinations of the low-frequency secular and the high-frequency micromotion with magnetron and cyclotron frequencies. The dependence of these motional frequencies on the trapping conditions is examined and particularly, the limits of applying a radial magnetic field to the EI ion trap are characterized.

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