Subduction of the Tethys oceanic plate beneath the Lesser Caucasus island are in the Late Creataceous — Eocene produced conditions favourable for the generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons. Subduction of crust in the Transcaucasus Massif led to the formation of various types of trap. Also, geothermal gradients here were high, resulting in the generation of hydrocarbons in shallow‐water sediments on the margins of the Massif, and their accumulation in both sedimentary and volcaniclastic reservoirs (e.g. in the Samgori‐Patardzeuli and Muradkhanly fields). The geodynamic setting of the NW margins of the Pacific Ocean was similar in the Neogene to that of the Transcaucasus Massif. Oceanic crust was subducted during the Oligo‐Miocene, and a series of inter‐are rifts were formed. The principal oilfields of Japan, where accumulations are resrvoired in volcaniclastic strata (Neogene‐Pleistocene) are located here. A possible analogue is the rift located in the southern East Kuril Basin, where the occurrence of petroleum has been inferred. Lithological studies of the Komandorsky Islands, eastern Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and western Sakhalin indicate that the distribution of the reservoirs depends on the stage of evolution of the rifts and adjacent island arcs.

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В статье приведены в сжатом виде результаты исследований, касающиеся строения литосферы Кавказского региона. Приведена оригинальная методика определения мощности литосферы по распределению энергии сейсмических волн с глубиной. Описана впервые выявленная особенность строения орогенов Большого и Малого Кавказа, где мощность литосферы оказалась меньше мощности коры. Приведено определение пространственного распространения т.н. астенолинз – зон частичного плавления в коре орогенов Большого и Малого Кавказа, являющихся очагами орогенного вулканизма. Подобные астенолинзы были также выявлены в коре орогенов Японской островной дуги и Тянь-Шаня и, таким образом, была установлена глобальная особенность строения многих постколлизионных орогенов. Приведены основные положения по эмпирическому определению квадратичной зависимости энергии сейсмических волн от магнитуды и количественной характеристики термодинамических параметров очага землетрясения и др. Results of studies, which are concerned the Caucasian region lithosphere structure are given in the compressed form. The original procedure of the lithosphere thickness determination from the energy distribution of seismic waves with the depth is given. The first time revealed special feature of the large and small Caucasus orogens structure is described, where the lithosphere thickness proved to be less than the thickness of crust. The three-dimensional propagation determination of the so-called astenolenses – zones of partial melting in the crust of the large and small Caucasus orogens, which are the centers of orogenic volcanism is given. Similar astenolenses were also revealed in the orogens crust of Japanese island arc and Tien Shan and was, thus, established the global special feature of the structure of many postkollision orogens. Basic provision of the quadratic dependence of seismic waves energy on the magnitude empirical determination and the quantitative characteristic of the thermodynamic parameters of the seismic center and others are given.