Приведены сведения о некоторых биологических особенностях редкого вида Iris aphylla L., занесенного в ряд региональных Красных книг. Исследованы десятилетние растения, интродуцированные в Башкирском Предуралье. Изучены фенологические особенности вида, показатели семенной продуктивности, морфометрические параметры культиваров (длина и ширина вегетативных побегов, высота генеративных побегов, количество цветоносов, число вегетативных и генеративных побегов). Оценены декоративные качества и успешность интродукции ириса безлистного. Выявлено, что выращенный из семян инорайонный вид I. aphylla в условиях лесостепной зоны Башкирского Предуралья достигает генеративной фазы, проходит полный цикл развития. По срокам цветения интродуцент отнесен к группе раннецветущих ирисов. Семенная продуктивность оценена как средняя. Отмечено увеличение числа вегетативных и генеративных побегов в парциальных кустах в 1,5 и 1,7 раза соответственно. Общее количество побегов увеличилось на 52 %, что говорит об успешной акклиматизации вида. Согласно оценке декоративных качеств I. aphylla отнесен к среднедекоративным растениям. У него отмечено раннее и довольно длительное цветение, а также наличие нескольких бутонов на побеге. Успешность интродукции составила 6 баллов из 7, т.е. интродуцент регулярно массово цветет, плодоносит, размножается вегетативно, обладает высокой устойчивостью к местным климатическим условиям (зимостоек и засухоустойчив). I. aphylla рекомендован для пополнения зонального ассортимента культивируемых растений Республики Башкортостан.
Abstract. The research presents the results of the study of introduced varieties of dwarf bearded irises (Filippok, Deep Lavender, Bright White, Cherry Garden, Clash, Well Suited, Banbury Ruffles, Skip Stitch, Inscription, April Accent, Lace Caper, Double Lament) on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute UFRC RAS. The purpose of the study: to replenish the collection of the genus Iris L. with new varieties from the classes MDB (miniature dwarf bearded irises) and SDB (standard dwarf bearded irises), their introduction variety study, selection of the most valuable cultivars suitable for introduction into green building. Methods. Seasonal rhythm of plants was studied by the method of phenological observations. The evaluation of ornamental features was carried out according to the generally accepted methodology, and also used the scale of comparative variety evaluation developed by the Main Botanical garden. Results. In the course of phenological observations revealed that the timing of flowering irises all investigated attributed to the early flowering – the beginning of flowering is observed in May. The earliest onset of the flowering phase was observed in the variety April Accent (May 21); at the latest – in the variety Skip Stitch (June 03). The duration of the flowering phase ranged from 10 (Inscription) to 27 (Lace Caper) days. It was found that in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Ural half of the studied varieties undergo a full cycle of development: they bloom and bear fruit, the remaining varieties are limited to flowering. As result of the conducted evaluation of ornamentality, the studied irises received 90 or more points. The Clash and Well Suited varieties were characterized by highest ornamental qualities, which scored 98 points. Scientific novelty. As a result of the introduction study revealed that high resistance to the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Urals have all studied varieties of irises from classes MDB and SDB. In the future, they can be recommended to replenish the zonal range of cultivated plants of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The article presents an analysis of experimental data demonstrating the rationality of the use of plant growth regulator Zircon on some representatives of the genus Iris L. in the Bashkir Cis-Ural. It is shown that the effect of the substance at a concentration recommended by the manufacturer varies depending on the species and varietal specificity of plants. As a result of tests of the drug, it was found that Zircon stimulates the development of leaf blade and fruit formation, lengthens the flowering phase for some varieties of Iris and to a lesser extent affects other biometric indicators.
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