This article deals with vital questions of the health and safety of children with intellectual disability (mental disability and mixed specific disorders). Theoretical analysis has demonstrated insufficient study of the problem, both in national and foreign psychological and pedagogical studies, although a number of approaches exist. Researchers agree that development of these children is an important condition for the existence of both individual and society at large. At the contemporary stage of development of our society, the safety of the children is all the more relevant since the degree of their development is an important condition of socialization and normal interaction with the environment. Diagnostic tools to estimate the comprehension and recognition of unsafe situations by children with these disorders are still insufficiently developed.This paper describes the application of a technique called "Recognition of Unsafe Situations", which was designed to study the ability of children with intellectual disability to recognize potentially life-threatening situations (handling household appliances, electricity, medicine, hot or sharp objects, behavior at heights and with stray animals) and to predict the consequences of their actions in such situations. The results of this study allow us to determine the differences in recognizing unsafe situations by children with mental disability and children with mixed specific developmental disorders. We show that children with mixed specific developmental disorders have a certain ability to identify potentially unsafe situations, and with support provided by adults, they are able to predict the consequences of their actions. Children with mental disability, however, have insufficient knowledge of safe behavior; but special activities that take into account these children's ability to compensate enable them to develop the essential skills for behavior in potentially life-threatening situations.Keywords: children with intellectual disabilities, children with mixed specific developmental disorders, health and safety, understanding of dangerous situations

No abstract

Introduction. Current psychological and pedagogical research considers the problem of safe behavior formation among students of different ages. It makes an attempt to establish the conditions for psychological safety type’s formation. The aim of the article is to identify readiness for safe behavior, understanding and interpretation of dangerous situations in various life spheres among early and la te adolescents with mental disorders. Materials and Methods. The authors selected a questionnaire test by V. G. Maralov, which allows establishing types of the attitude of an individual in a dangerous situation (adequate, anxious, ignoring, uncertain); the “Scale of Subjective Well-being” screening method by G. Perue-Badu adapted by M. V. Sokolova for measuring the emotional component of subjective well-being, and the authors’ method for studying the perceptions among early and late adolescents with mental disorders and their normotypic peers of various types of danger (physical, social and informational). To confirm the hypothesis of the research a two-way variance analysis was done (Age and Mental Disorders factors). Results. The authors identified that neurotypical early and late adolescents are able to recognize dangerous situations and feelings of such situations’ participants, predict the consequences of these dangers and suggest relevant ways to avoid them. Age impacts the development of the ability to recognize all types of dangerous situations among students with mental disorders (in late adolescence it is higher than in early one). Age influences such an indicator of subjective well-being as health self-assessment: it is higher in late adolescence than in early one. Students with mental disorders have a lower degree of ability to recognize physical and social environment danger, to predict and avoid various dangers than their neurotypical peers. Mental disorders also bear on such indicator as “Signs that com e with psychoemotional symptoms”. Discussion and Conclusion. The article shall be of interest to researchers studying the problem of the safe behavior of young people in various situations. The results of the study can be used in further studies of the ability to recognize, predict and avoid dangerous situations by adolescents and young people with normotypic development and mental disorders.

No abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of studying mechanisms of responding to danger and recognizing emotional states of participants in dangerous situations in the process of regulating safe behavior in students of adolescent and youthful age with intact and impaired intelligence. It was assumed that there are differences in the emotional component structure of psychological safety among students, due to age-related characteristics (adolescence and youth) and the presence (absence) of intellectual disabilities in these students. The study involved students of adolescent and youthful age with intact and impaired intelligence. To achieve the goal of the study, the authors used a questionnaire test by V.G. Maralov to identify types of attitude towards danger, the methodology “Emotional attitude of adolescents to dangerous situations”, and the methodology “Adolescents in dangerous situations”, designed to study the ability to recognize emotional states of people in dangerous situations. Through correlation analysis, the authors revealed the relationships between the elements of the emotional component in the students' perception of a dangerous situation, namely, between the parameters of emotional attitude to dangerous situations, and the ability to recognize the emotional states of participants in dangerous situation. Such relationships are more represented in adolescents with impaired intelligence than in their peers without intellectual disabilities. The results of the study allow us to state the differences in the mechanisms of formation of psychological safety in students of adolescent and youthful age with impaired and intact intelligence. The data obtained can be used in the development of programs for formation of psychological mechanisms that allow students to avoid dangerous situations.