Chordae tendineae architecture and their junction with papillary muscle were studied with scanning electron microscopy, comparing human and swine hearts. Papillary muscles with the corresponding chordae tendineae were obtained from human and pig (Sus scrofa) hearts after exposition of the left ventricle cavity, fixed with 4% formaldehyde. The specimens were sectioned in small samples and divided in four groups, a control one and the others submitted to digestion in a solution of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in saline solution during 5, 10 and 15 minutes respectively. The specimens were washed and fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in cacodylate buffer, kept in 1% tannic acid for 30 minutes, dehydrated and critical point dried, mounted and sputtered with gold. The specimens were examined and documented in a JEOL 5200 scanning electron microscope. The human and swine chordae tendineae have similar architecture: both are covered by the endothelium which was in continuity with the papillary muscles, the inner layers are composed by longitudinal and oblique collagen bundles intermingled with elastic fibers. Differences between swine and human hearts were found in the chordae tendineaepapillary muscle junction. In the human heart the collagen bundles showed a more organized arrangement, forming a meshwork with the fibers disposed in approximately orthogonal angles, whereas in the swine heart the fibers were randomly disposed.
Escore de avaliação de risco pré-transplante: metodologia e a importância das características socioeconômicasRisk assessment score in pre-kidney transplantation: methodology and the socioeconomic characteristics importance Introdução: O transplante renal é realizado em condições de urgência em uma população com elevado risco perioperatório. Instrumentos de avaliação de risco pré-transplante nesta população são escassos. Objetivo: Construir um escore com variáveis pré-transplante para estimar a probabilidade de sucesso do transplante renal, definido como sobrevida do receptor e do enxerto, com creatinina ≤ 1,5 mg/dl no 6º mês. Métodos: Análise das variáveis de pacientes de um centro único e especializado em transplante renal em São Paulo. A regressão logística foi utilizada para construção da equação com as variáveis capazes de estimar a probabilidade de sucesso. Atribuímos pontos inteiros às variáveis para a construção do escore. Resultados: Dos 305 pacientes analisados, 176 (57,7%) atingiram o sucesso. Das 23 variáveis identificadas pela análise univariada, 21 foram incluídas no modelo de regressão logística e as 10 que se mantiveram independentemente associadas com o sucesso foram utilizadas na construção do escore. Quatro destas 10 variáveis eram socioeconômicas. Foi ótimo (área sob a curva ROC = 0,817) o poder de discriminação entre os grupos sucesso e não sucesso e adequado (teste de Hosmer e Lemeshow = 0,672) o grau de concordância entre as frequências das probabilidades estimadas pela equação e as frequências das probabilidades reais observadas. Houve correlação (0,982) entre as probabilidades estimadas via sistema de pontuação e regressão logística. Conclusão: O escore de pontos apresentado simplificou a estratificação do risco do candidato ao transplante conforme a probabilidade de sucesso. As variáveis socioeconômicas exerceram influência no sucesso, demonstrando a necessidade da criação de instrumentos prognósticos utilizando as variáveis clínico-demográficas da nossa população. ResumoPalavras-chave: fatores de risco; medidas de associação; exposição; risco; desfecho; razão de chances; transplante de rim.Introduction: Kidney transplantation is performed in emergency conditions in a population with high perioperative risk. Instruments for risk assessment before transplantation in this population are scarce. Objective: To develop a score with pretransplant variables to estimate the probability of success of kidney transplantation, defined as survival of the recipient and the graft with creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl at 6 months. Methods: Analysis of variables of patients from a unique kidney transplantation center in São Paulo. Logistic regression was used to construct an equation with variables able to estimate the probability of success. Integer points were assigned to variables for score construction. Results: Of the 305 patients analyzed, 176 (57.7%) achieved success. Of the 23 variables identified by univariate analysis, 21 were included in the logistic regression model and 10 that remained independently as...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.