In the present paper, the flow behavior of single capsules of regular shape transported by two mineral oils of kinematic viscosities 45 and 7 centistokes respectively, in a 1 1/4‐inch diameter pipeline, are reported. In terms of pipe Reynolds number this means that the data for the more viscous oil were obtained for the laminar flow regime and the data for the less viscous oil were obtained, for the most part, for turbulent flow. A specific gravity range of 1.19‐7.86, a capsule diameter/pipe diameter ratio range of 0.39 (0.40)‐0.89 (0.90) and in the case of cylinders, lengths of 2‐in., 4‐in., and 7‐in. were investigated.

Critical Reynolds numbers were revealed by the study at which the velocity ratio curves typically achieved minimum or maximum values. The pronounced critical condition at Reynolds number about 1,000 is of particular interest, falling as it does in the middle of the Reynolds number range widely regarded as yielding laminar flow in a long circular pipe, but coinciding with the first manifestations of turbulence reported in previous studies. Velocity ratios for both spherical and cylindrical capsules were found to vary from about 1.10 to 1.75 in the laminar flow regime, and from 1.10 to 1.30 at the highest Reynolds numbers.

No abstract

A magnetic separator with an iron return circuit that employs a high- superconducting coil has been built on a small scale. This type of separator, using an iron yoke, has been used by the mineral industry for many years and there appears to be an opportunity for the retrofitting of superconducting coils into existing machines to run them much more cheaply and closer to saturation. This paper describes the design requirements of such an apparatus when a high- superconducting coil is used to generate ampère-turns instead of a resistive one, and in particular the necessity to limit the magnetic stray field at the coil below the critical values. The strong anisotropy of the critical current characteristics with respect to the direction of the magnetic field of the present high- tapes imposes the consideration of two load lines, one for the axial field and one for the radial field at the solenoid. From this analysis the radial component, perpendicular to the tape surface and hence in the low direction, determines the upper limit for the operating current at 77 K. The analysis has been carried out using a 3D finite element package to model the apparatus and to calculate magnetic fields in the air gap of the separator and on the coil windings. The performance of the separator has been tested at 77 K.

The Arun gas field was discovered in late 1971 when the discovery Well Arun A-I penetrated the thick Arun limestone reef. During the following 3 years, 12 delineation wells were drilled. Three of these delineation wells are used for observation wells, five for dry gas injection, one for condensate water disposal, and three are abandoned. Clustered development well drilling started in Sept. 1976. At this writing 40 wells have been drilled to delineate and develop the field. Drilling continues so that the growing demand from the expanding liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant is met.The problems of high temperatures, abnonnally highpressured shales, and saltwater sands overlying the lower-pressured Arun limestone have been conquered by numerous technique changes. The current techniques include the use of inverted oil emulsion muds, cements containing 35 % silica flour, high-strength heavyweight tubulars, and clear packer fluids. The evolution of drilling and completion practices are discussed in the paper.