BackgroundTrace elements are an essential nutritional component for humans and inadequate tissue-concentrations may have a significant effect on fetal size.ObjectiveTo measure ten trace elements in blood samples from mothers and their newborns, and assess their association with anthropometric characteristics at birth. The effects of other factors on fetal growth, such as biologic characteristics of the infant and mother, were analysed.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hospital general, University of Valencia, Spain. Healthy pregnant women, and their full-term infants were selected (n = 54 paired samples). Infants were grouped according to birth weight: small for gestational age (SGA n = 11), appropriate (AGA n = 30), and large (LGA n = 13). Anthropometric and biologic characteristics of the infant and mother were recorded. Levels of ten essential elements: arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), in maternal and cord plasma samples were determined. Samples were obtained from the umbilical cord immediately after delivery and the samples of their mothers were drawn at 2–4 h after delivery.ResultsThe analysis identified that cord blood Cu (p = 0.017) and maternal blood Ba and Mg (p = 0.027 and p = 0.002, respectively) concentrations were significantly higher among SGA infants compared to AGA and LGA infants. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that increased umbilical cord Cu concentration (adjusted β −146.4 g, 95 % CI −255 to −37.7; p = 0.009), maternal smoking during pregnancy (adjusted β −483.8 g, 95 % CI −811.7 to −155.9; p = 0.005), shorter gestational age (adjusted β 350.1 g, 95 % CI 244.5 to 455.8; p = 0.000), and female sex (adjusted β −374 g, 95 % CI −648 to −100; p = 0.009) were significantly associated with decreased birth weight. Maternal anaemia was positively associated with birth weight (adjusted β 362 g, 95 % CI 20.8 to 703.1; p = 0.038). No significant associations were found between maternal trace elements and birth weight in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsWe did not observe significant associations of cord blood trace elements other than Cu and maternal trace elements with birth weight in the multivariate analyses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0654-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

RESUMENSe presentan dos casos clínicos de placenta percreta. Uno como hallazgo intraoperatorio y otro con diagnóstico antenatal. Se describen los procedimientos diagnósticos, el manejo quirúrgico intra y post operatorio y el seguimiento, así como el enfrentamiento y la reparación de las complicaciones encontradas. Se hace énfasis en la importancia del trabajo en equipo multidisciplinario en estos casos extremadamente graves. Se revisa la literatura y se sugieren algunas recomendaciones para su mejor manejo.PALABRAS CLAVES: Placenta percreta, compromiso vesical, histerectomía obstétrica SUMMARY Two cases of placenta percreta are presented. The first one as a surgical finding and the other with antenatal diagnosis. The diagnostic procedures, intra and post surgical management and follow up are described, as well, the approach and management of the finding complications. The importance of the multidisciplinary team work in this extremely serious pathology is emphasized. The literature reports are reviewed and some recommendations for a better management are made.

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