Chromium is one of the important trace elements that is essential for carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Chromium improves glucose metabolism and reduces insulin resistance due to increased insulin sensitivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the use of chromium citrate as a nutritional supplement with potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. In this research work, we investigated the activity of the antioxidant system and the level of lipid hydroperoxides in the tissues of skeletal muscles and kidneys of experimental diabetic rats and for rats which received in their daily diet chromium citrate in the amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL of water. We induced the experimental model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan in the amount 150 mg/kg of body weight of the animals. We monitored glucose levels by measuring daily glucose levels with a portable glucose meter. For research, we selected animals with a glucose level > 11.1 mmol/L. We monitored the body weight of rats. On the 40th day of the study, we withdrew the animals from the experiment by decapitation. We selected the tissue for research, namely skeletal muscles and kidneys. In samples of the tissue homogenates, we measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxide oxidation products. As a result of our research, we found that the products of lipid peroxide oxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in skeletal muscle of animals with diabetes mellitus. The activity of glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the content of reduced glutathione decreased at the same time. In the kidneys of diabetic rats, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and content of lipid hydroperoxides increased but the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione decreased. The addition of chromium citrate to the diet of animals in amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL led to the suppression of oxidative stress. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-positive substances decreased. Also, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased with the addition of chromium citrate. These results indicate normalization of antioxidant defense in the skeletal muscle and kidneys of experimental rats with experimental diabetes given chromium citrate in the amount 0.1 mg/mL of water.

Інститут біології тварин НААН, вул. В. Стуса, 38, м. Львів, 79034, Україна Досліджували вплив цитрату ванадію на вміст продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, відновленого глутатіону, активність ензимів антиоксидантної системи та глюкозо-6-фосфатдегідрогенази у скелетних м'язах стегна щурів з алоксан-індукованим діабетом. Тварини були поділені на п'ять груп: I група -контрольна, II, III, IV та V -дослідні. Щурам І та ІІ груп давали пити чисту воду, III, IV та V групам впродовж місяця до питної води додавали розчин цитрату ванадію у концентраціях 0,125, 0,5 і 2,0 мкг V/мл води. У тварин усіх дослідних (II-V) груп експериментально викликали цукровий діабет внутрішньоочеревинним введенням алоксану (150 мг/кг маси тіла). У м'язах тварин ІІ групи з експериментальним діабетом спостерігалось зростання вмісту гідропероксидів і ТБК-активних продуктів та зниження активності ензимів антиоксидантного захисту (супероксиддисмутази, каталази і глутатіонредуктази), глюкозо-6-фосфатдегідрогенази та вмісту відновленого глутатіону, тоді як активність глутатіонпероксидази підвищувалася порівняно з тваринами контрольної групи. За випоювання щурам цитрату ванадію у різних концентраціях спостерігалося зниження вмісту, тоді як активність глутатіонпероксидази знижувалася (в ІІІ, IV та V групах) порівняно з показниками у м'язах тварин ІІ групи з експериментальним діабетом. Цитрат ванадію у досліджуваних концентраціях здійснює дозозалежний стабілізуючий вплив на стан прооксидантно-антиоксидантної системи у скелетних м'язах щурів з експериментальним діабетом. Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stus str., Lviv 79034, UkraineThe effect of vanadium citrate on the content of lipid peroxide oxidation products, reduced glutathione, the activity of the antioxidant system enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the thigh skeletal muscles of alloxan-induced diabetic rats was studied. Animals were divided into five groups: I group -control, II, III, IV and V -experimental. The rats of I and II groups were given pure water to drink, whereas a solution of vanadium citrate at concentrations of 0.125, 0.5 and 2.0 μg V/ml of water was added to drinking water of III, IV and V groups within a month. The animals of all experimental (II-V) groups were induced diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight).In muscles of the II group experimentally diabetic animals, the increase in the content of hydroperoxides and TBA-active products and the decrease in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the content of reduced glutathione were observed, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase increased as compared to control animals. Under watering vanadium citrate at different concentrations, there was a decrease in the content of hydroperoxides (in III, IV and V groups) and TBA-active products (in group III), but the increase in the activity of superoxide

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The formation features of the intestinal microbioсenosis of Beijing broiler ducks were studied starting from the 2-days ducklings until the 180 days age. The reduction of the total number of E. coli cells due to the formation of bacterial strains with normal enzymatic activity and growth of non-pathogenic strains of staphylococci both in the small intestine and in the caecum of 20-day-old ducks was revealed. These negative changes were physiological since no reduction of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli number was observed. Based on the results obtained the correction of dysbiotic irregularities by probiotic preparations in 20-day’s ducks is recommended.