Background Salacial lehmbachii stem bark is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Treatment of diabetes is necessary to reduce these complications. Methods In this study, the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of S. lehmbachii ethanol stem bark extract was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg p.o. daily for 21 days. Blood glucose levels, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were assessed in the animals. Results Treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with S. lehmbachii stem bark extract showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in blood glucose levels when compared with diabetic control. The elevated levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL were significantly (p<0.01) reduced by S. lehmbachii stem bark extract, while the level of HDL significantly (p<0.01) increased. Conclusions The results obtained suggest that S. lehmbachii stem bark extract has the potential to treat diabetes condition and hyperlipidemic disorders.

This research work was aimed at investigating the effects of vitamin C, E and garlic interaction on tramadol induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty five (35) rats were used for the study and rats were shared into five study groups namely; the positive control group fed with water and rats pellets, the negative control group was induced with tramdol only, the TmVC group in which 0.2mg of tramadol was induced and 0.2ml of vitamin C were administered, The TmVE group in which 0.2 mg of tramadol was induced and vitamin E was administered. The TmG group in which 0.2mg of tramadol was induced and garlic was administered. The body weight, organ weights and serum enzyme activities of the rats were monitored during the experimental period. The enzyme activity level of ALT remained constant in the positive control and negative control groups but began to rise in  the TmVC group in which vitamin C was administered and kept rising in the TmVE group and the most significant increase came in the TmG group in which garlic was administered. AST was lower in all of the groups in which tramadol was administered compared to the positive control (group one) with the highest drop in the TmG group in which garlic was administered. ALP, however, showed significant decrease in all the groups except TmG when compared to the positive control at (P<0.05). High density lipoprotein was relatively low in negative control when compared to positive control at (P<0.05). High density lipoprotein was high in antioxidants treated groups compared to negative control at (P<0.05). The low density lipoprotein was high in negative control when compared to positive control. The antioxidant treated groups showed no significant decrease in low density lipoproteins when compared to negative control group.

The duration of exposure dependent effect of Carbamate treated net on serum lipid profile of female Wistar rats was investigated in this study. Eighteen (18) animals were randomly divided into three (3) study groups with six (6) rats each. Group 1 was designated as the control group while groups 2 and 3 constituted the experimental groups containing rats exposed to Carbamate treated net for 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats were exposed daily to Carbamate treated net by whole body and nose inhalation mode of exposure. The body weight of rats was measured at the commencement of the experiment and at the end of the experiment. The organ weight result obtained indicated that the body weight increased significantly in the rats of the experimental groups when compared to the rats in the control group at p<0.05. The result obtained indicated that the body weight increased significantly in the rats of the experimental groups when compared to the rats in the control group at p<0.05. The total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in the sera of the rats were determined at the end of the experiment. The result obtained showed that the TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels increased significantly in the rats of the experimental groups when compared to the rats in the control group at p<0.05. The observation from this study suggests that long-term exposure to Carbamate treated net in household setting may alter the level of the serum lipid profile of the experimental animals, thereby leading to various health complications.