Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was determined in broiler chickens after intravenous or oral administration of a single dose (10 mg/kg). Ofloxacin concentrations in plasma were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Plasma concentration profiles were analyzed by the noncompartmental method. Elimination half-life and mean residence time of ofloxacin in plasma were 4.46 and 5.48 h after intravenous administration and 5.85 and 7.43 h, respectively, after oral administration. Maximal plasma concentration of 3.65 microg/mL was achieved at 1.25 h after oral administration. Apparent volume of distribution of 1.76 and 2.16 L/kg and total body clearance of 4.96 and 4.5 mL/min/kg were obtained following intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The oral bioavailability of ofloxacin was 110.01%. Ofloxacin was found to be more rapidly absorbed, widely distributed and more quickly eliminated than other fluoroquinolones in broilers. Based on these kinetic parameters, a dosage of 10 mg/kg given orally every 24 h can be recommended for the treatment of bacterial infections with MIC90 < 0.3 microg/mL.

Background: A study was carried out to screen milk borne Staphylococcus aureus for resistance against Beta lactam antibiotics. Methods: A total of 45 milk samples were collected over a period of three months from large animal outpatient unit of Madras Veterinary College Hospital, Chennai. Upon collection of samples, ABST followed by its growth in Mannitol Salt Agar was carried out as part of the phenotypic screening. Genotypic screening for Staphylococcus screening was done with the help of PCR by using nuc and mec A primers. MIC for ceftriaxone and cloxacillin was carried out with the samples that were found positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern is presented: Fluoroquinolones (87.5% sensitive), aminoglycosides (72.5% sensitive), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (Amoxyclave) (72.5% sensitive). The MSA positive samples were subjected to molecular identification with the help of PCR. Result: The results revealed 10 samples positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 5 among them positive for mecA gene. The MIC results were as follows: MIC50-10.95µg/ml and MIC90- 87.510.95µg/ml for ceftriaxone and MIC50- 43.75 µg/ml and MIC90- 87.5µg/ml for cloxacillin, indicating emergence of resistance. However, further studies are required in a larger sample size that can help us to attain more conclusive results.

1. The pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in broiler chicken was investigated following a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg and a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC(0-24) or C(max)) were integrated with the pharmacodynamic parameter (MIC(90)) to optimize sparfloxacin dosage in chicken. 2. The apparent volume of distribution, total body clearance, mean residence time and elimination half-life following oral administration were 2.411/kg, 4.55 ml/min per kg, 10.54 and 5.94 h, respectively. Oral bioavailability was 61.7%. 3. Sparfloxacin was found to possess clinically useful pharmacokinetic properties. Based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration an oral dose of 20 mg/kg sparfloxacin for every 24 h might be recommended for a successful clinical effect in chickens.

Background: Colon cancer is the one most prevalent malignancy in the world and its incidence is increasing due to changing life styles, environmental factors, etc. Conventional chemotherapy for cancer is limited due to development of chemoresistance and severe side effects. Natural products have received great attention in the recent years owing to its reduced toxicity and side effects. The present was undertaken to evaluate chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum in experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Methods: Healthy male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups and received following treatments: Vehicle (Group I); S. marginatum extract (Group II), DMH alone (Group III), DMH + 5-Fluorouracil (Group IV), DMH +S. marginatum extract at 100 mg/kg (Group V) and DMH +S. marginatum extract at 200 mg/kg (Group VI). Colon tumour was induced using 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Result: S. marginatum extract ameliorated oxidative damaging effects of DMH. S. marginatum extract increased expression of Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9; decreased expression of Bcl-2 and restored levels of COX-2 compared to tumor control. Reduced aberrant crypt foci, hyperplastic and inflammatory changes in colon were observed with S. marginatum compared to tumour control. The findings suggest chemopreventive potential of S. marginatum.