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This article focuses on the variety of clinical manifestations of intrauterine pneumonia in newborns, including premature infants. The clinical picture of early and late intrauterine pneumonia is presented. The features of the methods of examination of the respiratory organs, such as percussion and auscultation in newborns, are given. The article presents the material of the course of pneumonia which is based on etiological factors and manifested by specific clinical features. The main methods of diagnosis of intrauterine pneumonia such as instrumental and laboratory which is used in newborns are indicated

One of the most promising methods to reduce the adverse effects of hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system in newborns is therapeutic hypothermia. This article provides a retrospective analysis of 27 medical histories of full-term newborns who had a history of severe asphyxia. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I included children (n=15) who received therapeutic hypothermia in the first 2 hours of life. Group II (n=12) included children who suffered severe asphyxia at birth, but did not receive therapeutic hypothermia for a number of reasons. A comparative assessment of the severity of neurological disorders, the duration of treatment in a specialized medical institution and the health status of children at the time of discharge from the hospital was carried out in groups of newborns.

This article focuses on the incidence of intrauterine pneumonia among newborns, with an emphasis on premature babies. So, at the beginning of the 21st century, there is a clear trend in all countries to an increase in the number of births of premature patients. Among the variety of intrauterine infections in premature infants, intrauterine pneumonia deserves close attention. The article presents the main risk factors for preterm birth. The modern views on the etiology of intrauterine pneumonia in newborn infants are presented in detail. The main causative agents of this pathological process are given. The causes of lung lesions in newborns, especially premature babies, are indicated. Clear parallels are drawn between low gestational age and newborn’s body weight with the consequences of previous hypoxia (acute and / or chronic), as well as with the emergence and rate of development of intrauterine infection and its influence on the formation and development of the fetal immune system. The combined effect of unfavorable factors subsequently leads to the manifestation of pronounced immunosuppression in the newborn and creates the preconditions for the generalization of the pathological process.