The territory of Podilski Tovtry National Natural Park covers an area of 261 315 ha, 72 % of which are cultivated lands that facilitated the expansion of 335 adventive species. Research on invasive plant and animal species was carried out during field surveys in 1996–2019. More than 220 geobotanical descriptions were compiled applying the Brown-Blanque method. In this territory, 26 species display distinct aggression and are referred to as invasive, which belong to 15 families of the class Magnoliopsida and division Magnoliophyta. By origin, Northern American species prevail (15 species) followed by Asian (6) and European (5) species. By life form, annual herbal plants (therophytes) and trees predominate. Тherophytes mainly represent the family Asteraceae. The studies of the phytocenosis showed that the invasive species are part of 19 vegetation classes. The invasive species settled in 14 natural communities and they grow in 10 rare (singular) aggregations. To reduce the impact of invasive species on rare habitats and communities it is necessary to take measures to restore the natural vegetation cover. In the territory of Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park, 7 species of vertebrate animals are considered invasive, the naturalisation of which threatens and has negative influence on the local fauna. Another 6 species of birds and mammals, due to natural range expansion and anthropogenic changes of abiotic environmental factors, settled in urban landscapes and were introduced by means of synanthropisation; they can be considered as close invaders. Motacilla citreola occurs in wet meadows and has an unstable abundance, thus it belongs to propulsive species. Another 11 bird species appear in the surveyed territory during the autumn and winter periods or in separate years. Their invasiveness is possible due to abundance fluctuations during migration and changes in their migration routes because of the influence of trophic factors.

Abstract:The results of a study on alien plants of the Podilsky Tovtry National Nature Park are presented. The alien fraction of the Parkís flora comprises 335 species of vascular plants. Its taxonomic structure, ecological and life forms and species primary geographical origin are analyzed.

Conservation of relict and endemic species is among the most important tasks of biodiversity conservation, since, apart from their individual biotic uniqueness, such species perform important ecological functions as centres of unique consortia which are the basis of the existence of a number of other associated organisms (insects, fungi, etc.) (Stoiko, 1992; Stoiko et al., 1997, 2004; Holubets, 2003). Concurrently, the contribution of novel habitats to supporting overall biodiversity in modern ecosystems may threat the populations of relict species. This is often manifested in the so-called phenomenon of "displacement of relicts" (Didukh, 1982, 1988). Due to this ecological effect, cenopopulations of relict species are mostly restricted to habitat types of cenotically open communities, where, in turn, ecotope conditions do not always adequately meet their ecological requirements. Under such conditions, even species that are not directly threatened by human-induced factors or activities may become subject to various other factors and impacts resulting in inhibition of basic biological functions in populations; or species distribution is hampered by extreme factors to borders of species' ecological niche. The genus Schivereckia Andrz. ex Besser (Alekseenko, 1946; Kolodiy, 2012; Mosyakin, 2016) could be considered as an example of endangered relict species in Ukraine. Two species are usually recognized in Ukraine: S. podoliса (Besser) Andrz. ex DC. (Draba podolica (Besser) Regel) and S. mutabilis (M. Alexeenko) M. Alexeenko (Alekseenko, 1946); the second one is

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The article reveals the current problems of the influence of γ-radiation and ultraviolet radiation on plants. An overview of the most important scientific results of modern research and prospects for their use in various spheres of human life. It is shown that depending on the dose of absorbed radiation in plants, different radiobiological effects are manifested. The study of the adaptive capacity of plants to different stressors is relevant for predicting the sustainability of ecosystems with increasing anthropogenic load in general and radiation in particular