Clinicians should consider the potential risk of this complication, especially in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease. Further studies should be encouraged to determine if the incidence of linezolid-related thrombocytopenia could be reduced by a dose adjustment according to renal function, for which currently there is still no specific recommendation.

Objective. The latest European guidelines for the management of hemorrhagic shock suggest the use of vasopressors (norepinephrine) in order to restore an adequate mean arterial pressure when fluid resuscitation therapy fails to restore blood pressure. The administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP), or its analogue terlipressin, has been proposed as an alternative treatment in the early stages of hypovolemic shock. Design. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled animal trials. Participants. A total of 433 animals from 15 studies were included. Interventions. The ability of AVP and terlipressin to reduce mortality when compared with fluid resuscitation therapy, other vasopressors (norepinephrine or epinephrine), or placebo was investigated. Measurements and Main Results. Pooled estimates showed that AVP and terlipressin consistently and significantly improve survival in hemorrhagic shock (mortality: 26/174 (15%) in the AVP group versus 164/259 (63%) in the control arms; OR = 0.09; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.15; P for effect < 0.001; P for heterogeneity = 0.30; I 2 = 14%). Conclusions. Results suggest that AVP and terlipressin improve survival in the early phases of animal models of hemorrhagic shock. Vasopressin seems to be more effective than all other treatments, including other vasopressor drugs. These results need to be confirmed by human clinical trials.

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2015;24:237–246) Neostigmine, an acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor, has been used for both epidural and intrathecal anesthesia in obstetric patients. In order to quantify its benefits and/or adverse effects as an adjuvant in neuraxial anesthesia, the authors of this meta-analysis reviewed randomized, placebo-controlled studies in which neostigmine was administered in combination with local anesthetics or other adjuvants.

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