Strain SY1, identified as a Corynebacterium sp., was isolated on the basis of the ability to utilize dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a sole source of sulfur. Strain SY1 could utilize a wide range of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds, such as DBT sulfone, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, CS2, FeS2, and even elemental sulfur. Strain SY1 metabolized DBT to dibenzothiophene-5-oxide, DBT sulfone, and 2-hydroxybiphenyl, which was subsequently nitrated to produce at least two different hydroxynitrobiphenyls during cultivation. These metabolites were separated by silica gel column chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, UV, and mass spectral techniques. Resting cells of SY1 desulfurized toluenesulfonic acid and released sulfite anion. On the basis of these results, a new DBT degradation pathway is proposed.
Staphylococcus auriculans DBF63, which can grow on dibenzofuran (DBF) or fluorene (FN) as the sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated. Salicylic acid and gentisic acid accumulated in the culture broth of this strain when DBF was supplied as a growth substrate. Also, the formation of 9-fluorenol, 9-fluorenone, 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone, and 1-hydroxy-9-fluorenone was demonstrated, and accumulation of 1,la-dihydroxy-1-hydro-9-fluorenone was observed when this strain grew on FN. On the basis of these results, the degradation pathways of DBF and FN were proposed. The analogous oxidation products of dibenzo-p-dioxin were obtained by incubation with DBF-grown S. auriculans DBF63 cells.
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