Trials with an orally and immersion-administeredABSTRACT: A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a commercially available P-1,3glucan, VitaStim-Taito (VST), to stimulate immunity in juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha against the bacterium Aeromonas salmonjcjda (As) causing furunculosis in salmon. VST had earlier been shown to be capable of elevating the potency of an anti-furunculosis vaccine when administered by injection. In the present study, 2 routes of administration were evaluated for their effectiveness: oral delivery and immersion. In the oral administration trials. VST in its crudest form was mixed (without the Asvaccine) into a steam-pelleted diet at a rate of 0, 0 01, 0.1, and 1.0 ' %. The 4 diets were fed to test fish at 2 %of body weight d.' After 7 d o n the diets, the f~s h were bath-challenged with As, the fish being maintained on the test diets for the rest of the exper~ment. VST added to the diet at either 0.1 or 1.0 ?&resulted in significant protection aga~nst the As challenge. In the immersion trials, anAs vaccine was administered to the test fish either alone or In combination with a pure or a crude form of VST The vaccine and the VST were also adm~nistered alone Following a bath challenge with virulent As at 21 d post-vaccination, no significant protection was noted in any of the groups tested, indicating that VST was inactive as an immunopotentiator by this route. The fish were, however, immunocompetent because protection occurred when they were injected with the vaccine alone.

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 7 substances at potentiating a formalinlulled Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin in juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. The substances were injected into the fish along with the bacterin. The fish were challenged 27 d later with viable A. salmonicida cells by 2 methods (cohabitation and immersion). The cumulative mortalities in each of the experimental groups was then determined. A significant and consistent increase in protection over the groups receiving only the A. sal~nonicida bacterin was observed with 3 of the substances tested. These were VitaStinl-Taito, lentinan and formalin-killed Renibacterium salmoninarum cells. One of these materials, VitaStim-Taito (a 8-1,3 glucan), showed particular promise for further studies.

The Southeast False Creek (SEFC) lands in Vancouver, Canada, had a long history of industrial use and filling prior to their redevelopment first for use as the 2010 Winter Olympic Village and now as a continuation of the residential community along highly-sought-after city waterfront lands. Soil and sediment concentrations of metals and hydrocarbons exceeded regulatory benchmarks in and around a man-made embayment that supported ship building and steel fabrication. As well, the shoreline was highly disturbed with debris, erosion, and non-native vegetation, and consequently limited in its ability to support intertidal species typically expected in coastal waters of Western Canada.The Official Development Plan prepared by the City of Vancouver for SEFC incorporated shoreline improvements to public access, fish habitat, and safety and health objectives in response to community values expressed during an extensive public consultation process. Remediation and reconfiguration of the SEFC shoreline was thus a significant component of redevelopment which included removal of contaminated sediment and soil; filling of a portion of the embayment; stabilization, re-dressing, and planting of the remainder of the existing shoreline; and construction of an island in compensation for the partial filling of the embayment.Three annual surveys of a five-year post-construction monitoring program have been undertaken to date to evaluate the function of the constructed habitat and reconfigured shoreline. Both continue to be colonized by macroalgae and sessile invertebrates, and coverage and community structure is becoming more Environmental Impact 401

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