Kurzfassung Das Ziel der durchgeführten Arbeiten war, den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Bearbeitungsparameter auf die Eigenspannungen von bearbeiteten Ringen aus GKZ-geglühtem Stahl 100Cr6 zu untersuchen. Die mittleren tangentialen Eigenspannungen als Funktion des Vorschubs f, der Schnitttiefe ap und der Schnittgeschwindigkeit vc wurden nach der Drehbearbeitung mit insgesamt 36 Messungen auf der Ringaußenfläche an unzertrennten Ringen ermittelt. Um Informationen über die Verteilung der Eigenspannungen im Ringquerschnitt zu erhalten, wurden Eigenspannungstiefenverläufe für ausgewählte Bearbeitungsparameter und Positionen auf dem Ringumfang aufgenommen. Für den untersuchten Parameterbereich von Maschinenstellgrößen zeigen die Ergebnisse Zugeigenspannungen auf der Oberfläche, die mit steigendem Vorschub zunehmen. Die Eigenspannungen sinken mit steigender Schnitttiefe etwas ab. Die Schnittgeschwindigkeit hat im untersuchten Bereich einen geringen Einfluss. Die gemessenen Eigenspannungstiefenverläufe an unterschiedlichen Umfangspositionen des Rings zeigen lediglich an der Oberfläche einen signifikanten Unterschied. Infolge einer Erhöhung des Vorschubs steigen die Eigenspannungswerte sowohl im Zug- als auch im Druckbereich an. Der qualitative Verlauf ändert sich mit der Variation des Vorschubs nicht. Die Tiefenverteilungen der Eigenspannungen lassen sich mit einem einfachen eindimensionalen Schichtenmodell unter Berücksichtigung der thermisch-mechanischen Beeinflussung durch die Zerspanung erklären.
The influence and significance of several process parameters in a manufacturing chain of cylindrical bearing rings made of steel SAE 52100 (100Cr6) on the quench hardening distortion were identified using the method of Design of Experiments (DoE) and a statistical analysis of the results. The change in out-of-roundness can be explained by the used clamping technique during turning, which led to characteristic residual stress distributions in circumferential direction. Size alterations were smaller and depended also on clamping (height) resp. on clamping and an interaction of clamping and feed (radius). Other investigated factors like stirring during continuous casting, deformation ratio during forging and cooling after forging did not significantly influence shape or size changes. Density measurement was found to be a simple and effective method, to check size changes. The results confirm the necessity of concerning the whole manufacturing chain, to understand and influence heat treatment distortion. DoE has been proven to be a useful tool in this way.
Results from turning experiments addressing residual stresses and workpiece distortion are presented in this paper. The influence of cutting speed, depth of cut, feed and nose radius on roundness of 100Cr6 (SAE 52 100) rings was analysed. Additionally two different clamping techniques were used. The residual stresses show a periodicity of three around the rings' circumference when clamping with segment jaws. A linear distribution can be seen when using a mandrel for clamping. The mean values for the residual stresses are similar for both clamping cases. Finally the level of the residual stresses can be influenced by varying cutting parameters. Coordinate measurements and a Fourier analysis show a major effect of the clamping techniques on the roundness, whereas the cutting parameters have only a small effect on the roundness.
The objective of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 570 "Distortion Engineering" is the control of distortion of component parts. The overall challenge is developing suitable concepts and methods which can describe and predict distortion of a workpiece along the entire process chain. The objective to control distortion is to determine the mechanisms of distortion from the basic material up to the finished component part. Because of the complexity of the production chain of component parts, not all relationships between cause and effect are known so far. Therefore, manufacturers of component parts do not have continuous planning possibilities along the process chain to guarantee that the chosen material and the manufacturing steps lead to little distortion after the last process step quenching.A solution for this problem may be a prognosis model for distortion along the process chain in order to support the planning process. The inputs of this model should be indicators in terms of significant input parameters which are able to predict distortion. Current elaborations of how far indicators can be used for predicting distortion are presented by the example of the production of bearing rings in the SFB 570.
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