bDespite the existence of 10 avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotypes, very little is known about the distribution, host species, and ecological factors affecting virus transmission. To better understand the relationship among these factors, we conducted APMV wild bird surveillance in regions of Ukraine suspected of being intercontinental (north to south and east to west) flyways. Surveillance for APMV was conducted in 6,735 wild birds representing 86 species and 8 different orders during 2006 to 2011 through different seasons. Twenty viruses were isolated and subsequently identified as APMV-1 (n ‫؍‬ 9), APMV-4 (n ‫؍‬ 4), APMV-6 (n ‫؍‬ 3), and APMV-7 (n ‫؍‬ 4). The highest isolation rate occurred during the autumn migration (0.61%), with viruses isolated from mallards, teals, dunlins, and a wigeon. The rate of isolation was lower during winter (December to March) (0.32%), with viruses isolated from ruddy shelducks, mallards, white-fronted geese, and a starling. During spring migration, nesting, and postnesting (April to August) no APMV strains were isolated out of 1,984 samples tested. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four APMV-1 and two APMV-4 viruses showed that one APMV-1 virus belonging to class 1 was epidemiologically linked to viruses from China, three class II APMV-1 viruses were epidemiologically connected with viruses from Nigeria and Luxembourg, and one APMV-4 virus was related to goose viruses from Egypt. In summary, we have identified the wild bird species most likely to be infected with APMV, and our data support possible intercontinental transmission of APMVs by wild birds.

The first and the main link in the system of prevention of the occurrence and distribution of avian influenza and Newcastle disease is monitoring and the effective prophylaxis of the above diseases. At the same time the conducting of disinfection of the objects of veterinary control is an important stage in the system of veterinary and sanitary measures. A number of disinfectants that contain different classes of chemical compounds as active substances have been developed and proposed for practical use. The large-scale production of disinfectants and their introduction into practice is impossible without the preliminary laboratory assessment of their antimicrobial properties, the determination of the spectrum of their biocidal effect and physical, chemical and toxicological properties. The aim of our work was to study the virucidal properties of a new aldehyde disinfectant using the test models of the viruses of Newcastle disease and avian influenza. The experiments to study virucidal properties of the disinfectant regarding the viruses of avian influenza and Newcastle disease have been carried out at the Department for Avian Diseases Study of the National Scientific Center ‘Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine’ in accordance with the guidelines ‘Methods for determining and evaluating the safety and quality of disinfectants and disinfecting detergents used in the production, storage, transportation and sale of products of animal origin’ (Kotsiumbas et al., 2010). The determination of the virucidal properties of the disinfectant has been conducted in two stages: stage 1 — the determination of the virucidal activity of the product by the suspension method; stage 2 — determination of the virucidal activity of the product on test objects. As a result of the research conducted by the suspension method the presence of the virucidal properties of the innovative disinfectant (the mixture of quaternary ammonium compounds — 25%, glutar aldehyde — 11%, isopropanol, non-ionic surfactants) for the viruses of avian influenza and Newcastle disease has been determined. It has been found that the above preparation completely inactivated the infective properties of viruses when used in the concentration of 0.1%, with the interval of 30 minutes and in the concentration of 0.5% — 15-minute interval. It has been proved that the use of the disinfectant in 0.1% concentration for 30 minutes disinfected the test objects (wood, metal, tile, textile) that were contaminated by the pathogenic agents of avian influenza and Newcastle disease

Infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens is one of the most dangerous viral respiratory diseases of chickens, which causes significant economic losses to poultry farms. A key component in this disease control is timely rapid serological diagnosis. To date, the basic method of serological diagnosis and monitoring is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The main components of ELISA test systems are purified and concentrated infectious laryngotracheitis virus antigens. Our research aimed to develop a technology for the production of purified and concentrated antigens of infectious laryngotracheitis virus, as well as to test the suitability of epizootic isolates for the production of antigens for ELISA. Based on the results of research, an improved scheme for obtaining purified infectious laryngotracheitis virus antigens using epizootic isolates has been developed. The scheme consists of accumulation of virus raw material, its inactivation, verification of inactivation completeness, concentration of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by PEG-6000 precipitation followed by ultracentrifugation at 14,000 rpm through a 30% sucrose pad. Samples of purified concentrated infectious laryngotracheitis virus antigens from isolates “В 59-11”, “Б 2-10”, “ЧП 96-10”, and “A 4-12” with protein content 1,520–3,720 μg/cm3 have been obtained. The ratio of protein concentration before and after purification ranged from 4.17 to 7.24. ELISA found that all these antigens were suitable for use as antigens. When testing for specificity, it was found that all antigens did not react with heterologous sera to other poultry viral diseases, but reacted only with homologous sera positive for infectious laryngotracheitis, which proves their specificity

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