Let me illustrate this severe judgment by two examples. Collart 1942 published trogloxenic species without exception under the title biospeleology. Vanschuytbroeck's (1943) paper involved partly misidentifications, partly trogloxenic species, only a half of his species belongs to the group which propagate in the aphotic parts of caves. His table to summarize the occurrence data of the species of Sphaeroceridae in caves of Europe is a very useful summary but among the 38 species listed there was only one true cavernicolous species and 11 troglophilous species.

Nearly cosmopolitan species, in all probability owing to human activities. Hemitroglophilous species, it is not rare in caves near to their entrance. It develops in decaying vegetable matter, on dung heaps, in compost, etc. New to Malta.

Findings of hepatic ultrasonography were analysed in 22 dogs with liver disease and compared with the results of final morphological diagnoses. Ultrasonographic appearance of the liver demonstrated focal alterations in 11 dogs (50 per cent): multifocal lesions in hepatic neoplasia (six), hepatic cirrhosis (one), generalised mycosis (one) and unifocal lesions in haemangiosarcoma (one), nodular hyperplasia (one) and misdiagnosed intestinal invagination (one), Diffuse ultrasonographic alterations were found in 11 dogs (50 per cent): hyperechoic liver of normal/enlarged size in lymphosarcoma (four) and hepatic lipidosis (two); hyperechoic ‘bright’ but small liver in atrophic cirrhosis (two); hypoechoic to normal intensity liver of normal size in liver dystrophy (two) and hepatic venous distension (one). Gallbladder abnormalities were detected in 14 of 20 dogs (70 per cent). Correct ultrasonographic diagnoses were made in 11 dogs (50 per cent). The best results were achieved by combining the clinicolaboratory and ultrasonographic findings, providing a correct diagnosis in 17 dogs (77‐3 per cent).

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